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All Journal JGISE-Journal of Geospatial Information Science and Engineering Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education ENGAGEMENT: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Priviet Social Sciences Journal HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Journal of Governance and Public Affairs International Journal of Educational Sciences and Development
Arafat, Md. Yeasir
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Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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What Makes a University? Conceptual Determinants from a Contextual Perspective Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Md. Sobuj Mia; Md. Amirul Islam; Md. Radone Islam Ridoy; Fahmida , Fahmida
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v5i1.232

Abstract

The term “university” carries a long intellectual, historical, and cultural legacy, yet the criteria for recognizing an institution as a university remain fluid and context-dependent. This study seeks to explore how an institution comes to be regarded as a university by examining the conceptual, historical, structural, and societal determinants that shape this recognition. Drawing on a qualitative and interpretive approach, the paper analyzes classical understandings of the university, traces the evolution of the term, and examines contemporary expectations surrounding higher education institutions. The discussion highlights that the idea of a university extends beyond legal designation; it is rooted in scholarly traditions, academic autonomy, breadth of knowledge, research culture, institutional mission, globalization, and societal perception. The findings reveal that while regulatory standards provide formal recognition, the deeper legitimacy of a university emerges from its ability to cultivate knowledge, uphold intellectual freedom, and contribute meaningfully to society. This conceptual inquiry therefore offers a contextual framework for understanding how institutions attain the identity of a university, and why this identity continues to evolve in response to educational, cultural, and global transformations.
Understanding First-Time Voters' Desires in Ward No. 30 of Rajshahi City Corporation: A Quantitative Inquiry Alam , Md. Mahbubul; Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Fahmida; Namisa Tabassum
INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/interdisiplin.v3i1.132

Abstract

This research initiates an inquiry into the perceptions, expectations, and political behavior of first-time voters of Ward No. 30, Rajshahi City Corporation to gauge their role in the democratic process as new entrants in the electoral system. First-time voters provide an insightful view of how youth relate to democracy in Bangladesh. The study uses a structured questionnaire with demographic and issue-based questions to show key concerns at present: unemployment, corruption, and low faith in electoral fairness. It further probes what influences their voting decision—credibility of the candidate, party ideology, or social media and peer influence—and finds that first-time voters have a very sophisticated awareness of politics; they are both enthusiastic and skeptical about such voters who demand accountability with transparent and inclusive governance. The findings show a sophisticated political sensitivity among first-time voters—a mix of zeal and doubt—who weigh much accountability, transparency, and inclusive governance. It is thus concluded that by giving this demographic more political representation and real engagement opportunities, a more participatory and responsive democratic culture can be encouraged.
Modernization and the Role of the Military as a Vehicle of Modernization Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Fahmida, Fahmida
HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): History and Cultural Innovation
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/historical.v5i1.239

Abstract

Modernization is the process through which societies transform from traditional structures to modern systems, involving economic, political, social, and cultural change. The military, as one of the most organized and disciplined institutions, often serves as a vehicle for modernization by introducing technological innovations, fostering national unity, developing infrastructure, and promoting education and skills. However, military-led modernization faces challenges, including lack of democratic legitimacy, overcentralization of power, inequality, cultural conflicts, and sustainability issues. This research explores the concept and nature of modernization, examines the role of the military in facilitating societal change, and provides a balanced perspective on the limitations and potential of military-driven modernization. The study highlights that while the military can accelerate modernization, sustainable and inclusive development requires cooperation with civilian institutions and democratic governance.
Between Theocratic Republic and Democracy: Government Systems in Iran, the USA, and the UK Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Sahed Siddiq; Anik Kumar Ghosh; Saurov Kumar Shil
DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Innovation in Education and Social Sciences Research
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/dirosat.v4i1.203

Abstract

From monarchs and presidents to supreme religious leaders, the architecture of power varies—but its essence shapes the fate of nations. This study presents a comparative analysis of the government systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom. It focuses specifically on the structures and functions of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in each country. While the USA and UK represent two distinct models of democratic governance—a federal republic and a constitutional monarchy respectively—Iran’s theocratic republic offers a unique blend of religious and political authority. Through a structured examination of institutional design, constitutional principles, and practical dynamics, this research reveals both convergences and contrasts among the three systems. The findings highlight how ideological foundations—secular liberalism in the West and Islamic jurisprudence in Iran—significantly shape institutional behavior and power distribution. The study concludes with reflections on the implications of these differences for governance, accountability, and the rule of law.
Revisiting the Policy Cycle in Bangladesh: An Analytical Perspective Through Paul Cairney’s Framework Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Tarif Hosen; Fahmida
Journal of Governance and Public Affairs Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April 2026, Journal of Governance and Public Affairs
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/6zbehv69

Abstract

This study examines the policymaking process in Bangladesh through Paul Cairney’s policy cycle model, which includes agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, evaluation, and policy maintenance, change, or termination. Based exclusively on secondary data, the study explores the extent to which this model explains policymaking practices in Bangladesh while also identifying its limitations in capturing the country’s complex political and administrative realities. In particular, it highlights challenges such as fragmented governance structures and the presence of multiple centres of authority that extend beyond the explanatory capacity of the traditional policy cycle model. The study suggests pathways for improving transparency, participation, and effectiveness in policymaking. It also underscores the need to integrate alternative theoretical perspectives to better understand the dynamic and non-linear nature of policymaking processes. Finally, the study acknowledges limitations related to secondary data usage and the evolving political context, offering directions for future research
Co-Authors Ahmed, Kazi Tawkir Alam , Md. Mahbubul Alam, Ha-mim Ebne Anik Kumar Ghosh Barik, Md. Abdul Fahmida Fahmida , Fahmida Fahmida, Fahmida Hasan, Md. Jahidul Hoque, Md. Enamul Ismit Jarin Riche Mahmud , Dr. Md. Sultan Mahmud , Md. Sultan Md. Amirul Islam Md. Mahbubul Alam Md. Mahmud Hasan Md. Radone Islam Ridoy Md. Sobuj Mia Mst. Sadia Khatun Nahar, Mst. Quamrun Namisa Tabassum Rafia Tasnim Setu S. M. Mokhlasur Rahman Sahed Siddiq Saurov Kumar Shil Subradeb Chakma Tarif Hosen Uddin, Md. Nizam