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Opioid-Sparing and Multimodal Analgesia in Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Implementation Across High and Low-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review Agastya, Wayan Dhea; Rahmadinie, Amalia
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): J Divers Med Res 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v2i9.214

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cesarean delivery is a common surgical procedure worldwide, often accompanied by significant postoperative pain that can negatively impact recovery, early breastfeeding, and maternal mobility. Opioids have traditionally been central to post-cesarean analgesia but are associated with side effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and respiratory depression. Recently, opioid-sparing and multimodal analgesia strategies—combining neuraxial opioids, regional blocks (e.g., transversus abdominis plane [TAP] block), and non-opioid systemic agents (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)—have been increasingly adopted to reduce opioid consumption while maintaining effective analgesia. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from January 2021 to August 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and quality improvement projects evaluating opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia in women undergoing cesarean delivery in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Primary outcomes were postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores; secondary outcomes included opioid-related side effects, recovery milestones, maternal satisfaction, and neonatal safety. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Discussion: The review included nine studies from diverse settings. Multimodal analgesia regimens consistently reduced opioid consumption and pain scores, improved maternal satisfaction, and decreased opioid-related adverse effects. Regional techniques such as TAP block were effective adjuncts or alternatives to neuraxial opioids, especially in LMICs where opioid availability and monitoring are limited. Adoption of multimodal protocols was more widespread in HICs, often integrated within enhanced recovery after cesarean (ERAC) pathways. Barriers in LMICs included limited regional anesthesia expertise, drug availability, cost, and institutional protocols, highlighting the need for capacity building and context-specific guidelines. Conclusion: Opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia is effective, safe, and feasible across various healthcare settings, improving postoperative pain control and recovery after cesarean delivery. Addressing implementation gaps between HICs and LMICs through training, resource allocation, and simplified protocols is essential to optimize global obstetric analgesia. Future research should focus on standardizing regimens, evaluating long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes, and overcoming implementation challenges to facilitate broader adoption.
The Effectiveness of Health Promotion on the Prevention of Urolithiasis: A Literature Review Yogi Bisma Widawasista; Irma Seliana; Wayan Dhea Agastya
Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari: Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukeke.v5i1.2389

Abstract

This study aims to review the effectiveness of health promotion interventions in preventing urolithiasis between 2020 and 2025 and to examine their contribution to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, considering the high recurrence of urolithiasis and its strong association with lifestyle-related risk factors. A narrative literature review was conducted using secondary data from articles published between 2020 and 2025, retrieved from Google Scholar, GARUDA, and university journal portals. Selected studies were analysed descriptively and thematically to identify intervention types and outcomes. The findings indicate that health promotion interventions effectively improve knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviours related to urolithiasis. Community- and school-based programs enhanced awareness of adequate hydration, healthy dietary patterns, and water-consumption habits, demonstrating their preventive impact. Health promotion represents a practical and cost-effective strategy for urolithiasis prevention and supports broader non-communicable disease prevention efforts aligned with SDG 3. The integration of digital health approaches is recommended to strengthen sustainability and long-term behavioural change. This review provides a focused synthesis of post-2020 evidence on preventive health promotion strategies for urolithiasis, offering context-specific insights that extend beyond clinical management and contribute to public health practice.