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Arya Ganendra
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Algorithmic Enclaves and Political Sophistication: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Gen Z’s Voting Behavior in Indonesia’s 2024 Election Arya Ganendra; Danila Adi Sanjaya; Ifah Shandy
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i3.304

Abstract

The 2024 Indonesian General Election marked a paradigm shift in democratic engagement, with Generation Z emerging as the primary electoral demographic. This study investigates the impact of algorithmic enclaves—AI-curated digital spaces—on the voting behavior of young voters. It specifically explores how these enclaves influence political sophistication and whether they facilitate informed decision-making or exacerbate affective polarization in a transitioning democracy. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze a nationwide dataset of 1,200 Gen Z respondents aged 17–27. The model tests the structural relationships between Algorithmic Awareness, Echo Chamber Exposure, and Political Sophistication as determinants of Voting Behavior. The SEM analysis demonstrates that Algorithmic Enclaves have a significant direct effect on voting preferences (Beta = 0.48, p < 0.001). Crucially, Political Sophistication serves as a partial mediator; however, its efficacy is contingent upon Algorithmic Awareness. For voters with low awareness, enclaves significantly narrowed political horizons, whereas high awareness acted as a moderating buffer. In conclusion, the study concludes that algorithmic curation has redefined the Indonesian political landscape. To safeguard democratic integrity, it is imperative to transition from basic digital access to advanced algorithmic literacy.
Algorithmic Enclaves and Political Sophistication: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Gen Z’s Voting Behavior in Indonesia’s 2024 Election Arya Ganendra; Danila Adi Sanjaya; Ifah Shandy
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i3.304

Abstract

The 2024 Indonesian General Election marked a paradigm shift in democratic engagement, with Generation Z emerging as the primary electoral demographic. This study investigates the impact of algorithmic enclaves—AI-curated digital spaces—on the voting behavior of young voters. It specifically explores how these enclaves influence political sophistication and whether they facilitate informed decision-making or exacerbate affective polarization in a transitioning democracy. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze a nationwide dataset of 1,200 Gen Z respondents aged 17–27. The model tests the structural relationships between Algorithmic Awareness, Echo Chamber Exposure, and Political Sophistication as determinants of Voting Behavior. The SEM analysis demonstrates that Algorithmic Enclaves have a significant direct effect on voting preferences (Beta = 0.48, p < 0.001). Crucially, Political Sophistication serves as a partial mediator; however, its efficacy is contingent upon Algorithmic Awareness. For voters with low awareness, enclaves significantly narrowed political horizons, whereas high awareness acted as a moderating buffer. In conclusion, the study concludes that algorithmic curation has redefined the Indonesian political landscape. To safeguard democratic integrity, it is imperative to transition from basic digital access to advanced algorithmic literacy.
Citizen Trust, Perceived Surveillance, and Polycentric Governance Participation in Indonesian Smart City Programs Arya Ganendra; Jasmila Tanjung
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.317

Abstract

Smart city programs in Indonesia expand digital governance infrastructure while raising concerns about citizen surveillance and data privacy. Understanding how perceived surveillance affects citizen trust and participation in polycentric governance structures is critical for sustainable smart city development. This study examined 352 citizens across nine Indonesian cities representing three administrative tiers (Tier-1: Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya; Tier-2: Semarang, Makassar, Medan; Tier-3: Palembang, Balikpapan, Manado) to investigate the relationships among perceived surveillance intensity, citizen trust in governance institutions, and participation in polycentric governance mechanisms. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant model explaining 42.1% of variance in citizen trust (R² = 0.421, adjusted R² = 0.399, f² = 0.727). Facial recognition perceived intensity demonstrated the strongest negative predictor (β = -0.378, 95% CI [-0.498, -0.258]), while multi-stakeholder governance participation showed the strongest positive predictor (β = 0.334, 95% CI [0.218, 0.450]). Additional significant predictors included closed-circuit television surveillance intensity (β = -0.312), citizen feedback mechanisms (β = 0.298), data transparency (β = 0.287), decentralized decision-making participation (β = 0.256), governance literacy (β = 0.213), e-government service use (β = 0.189), and educational attainment (β = 0.145). These findings indicate that while surveillance technologies undermine institutional trust, inclusive governance processes and transparency mechanisms strengthen citizen confidence. Indonesian smart city programs should prioritize polycentric governance structures, data transparency, and digital literacy initiatives to mitigate surveillance-related trust erosion. Results support policy recommendations emphasizing stakeholder participation, technological accountability, and institutional transparency as essential components of citizen-centric smart city governance.
Citizen Trust, Perceived Surveillance, and Polycentric Governance Participation in Indonesian Smart City Programs Arya Ganendra; Jasmila Tanjung
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.317

Abstract

Smart city programs in Indonesia expand digital governance infrastructure while raising concerns about citizen surveillance and data privacy. Understanding how perceived surveillance affects citizen trust and participation in polycentric governance structures is critical for sustainable smart city development. This study examined 352 citizens across nine Indonesian cities representing three administrative tiers (Tier-1: Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya; Tier-2: Semarang, Makassar, Medan; Tier-3: Palembang, Balikpapan, Manado) to investigate the relationships among perceived surveillance intensity, citizen trust in governance institutions, and participation in polycentric governance mechanisms. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant model explaining 42.1% of variance in citizen trust (R² = 0.421, adjusted R² = 0.399, f² = 0.727). Facial recognition perceived intensity demonstrated the strongest negative predictor (β = -0.378, 95% CI [-0.498, -0.258]), while multi-stakeholder governance participation showed the strongest positive predictor (β = 0.334, 95% CI [0.218, 0.450]). Additional significant predictors included closed-circuit television surveillance intensity (β = -0.312), citizen feedback mechanisms (β = 0.298), data transparency (β = 0.287), decentralized decision-making participation (β = 0.256), governance literacy (β = 0.213), e-government service use (β = 0.189), and educational attainment (β = 0.145). These findings indicate that while surveillance technologies undermine institutional trust, inclusive governance processes and transparency mechanisms strengthen citizen confidence. Indonesian smart city programs should prioritize polycentric governance structures, data transparency, and digital literacy initiatives to mitigate surveillance-related trust erosion. Results support policy recommendations emphasizing stakeholder participation, technological accountability, and institutional transparency as essential components of citizen-centric smart city governance.
Co-Authors Danila Adi Sanjaya Ifah Shandy Jasmila Tanjung