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Frugal Innovation in Education: Designing and Evaluating Low-Bandwidth, Asynchronous Learning Systems for Remote Indonesian Schools Hesti Putri; Maya Enderson; Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Kevin Setiawan; Sudarto Sudarto; Khalil Jibran; Jasmine Alieva
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.95

Abstract

The promise of educational technology (EdTech) to democratize learning in Indonesia is consistently undermined by a profound digital divide, particularly in remote and archipelagic regions where internet connectivity is poor and infrastructure is limited. This study explores the application of frugal innovation principles as a direct and context-aware strategy to address this challenge. A multi-phase, mixed-methods Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology was employed over 18 months. The study involved the collaborative design, development, and implementation of "Lentera," a low-bandwidth, asynchronous, and offline-first learning system, in six remote primary schools in the Maluku Islands. A quasi-experimental design compared three intervention schools with three control schools over one academic year. Data collection was extensive, including pre- and post-intervention literacy and numeracy assessments, System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys, system usage logs, semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers, and over 80 hours of classroom observation. Data were analyzed using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to account for the clustered nature of students within schools. The Lentera system demonstrated high feasibility and positive user adoption, with offline peer-to-peer sharing proving to be a critical feature for content distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant and substantial improvement in learning outcomes for the intervention group in both literacy (γ = 11.85, p < 0.001) and numeracy (γ = 12.91, p < 0.001) compared to the control group, after controlling for pre-test scores. The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.5, indicating well-above-average usability. Qualitative findings, drawn from a wide range of teacher interviews and classroom observations, highlighted the system's effectiveness in supporting student-centered, differentiated instruction and fostering teacher collaboration, aligning with the core principles of Indonesia's Kurikulum Merdeka. The study provides compelling evidence that frugal innovation, embodied in a context-aware learning system, presents a viable, effective, and scalable pathway to enhancing educational quality and equity in resource-constrained environments.
Integrating Kearifan Lokal (Local Wisdom) with Climate Adaptation Strategies: A Participatory Action Research on Enhancing Community Resilience and Achieving SDG 13 in Indonesia's Coastal Communities Jasmila Tanjung; Caelin Damayanti; Neva Dian Permana; Andi Fatihah Syahrir; Hesti Putri; Aman Suparman; Susi Diana
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.45

Abstract

Coastal communities in Indonesia face existential threats from climate change. Conventional top-down adaptation strategies often fail due to a disconnect from local socio-ecological realities, overlooking a critical resource: traditional ecological knowledge, or kearifan lokal. This study investigates a knowledge co-production model that synergizes kearifan lokal with modern climate science to build community resilience. We employed a 24-month, mixed-methods Participatory Action Research (PAR) design in three highly exposed coastal villages in North Java, Indonesia. Ethical protocols, including Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), were foundational. Qualitative data were gathered from in-depth interviews (n=30), focus groups (n=12), and ethnographic observation. Quantitative data came from a pre-test/post-test household survey (n=450) measuring a validated, multi-dimensional Community Resilience Index (CRI). Interventions were co-designed, blending traditional practices like the pranata mangsa (ethno-astronomical calendar) and the wana tirta (mangrove philosophy) with scientific recommendations. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze changes in CRI scores. The co-designed strategies led to a statistically significant increase in the mean CRI from a baseline of 2.8 (SD=0.65) to 4.2 (SD=0.48) post-intervention (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed across all resilience dimensions, most notably in Economic Capital (+59.1%) and Adaptive Capacity & Governance (+51.7%). The revitalization of practices such as the restoration of 50 hectares of mangroves, guided by both wana tirta principles and scientific species selection, enhanced coastal protection and local livelihoods. In conclusion, the co-production of knowledge, facilitated through a PAR framework, is a potent mechanism for building effective, culturally embedded, and sustainable climate resilience. This model empowers communities as active agents in their adaptation journey and offers a scalable, evidence-based pathway for achieving SDG 13 in Indonesia and other climate-vulnerable nations.
Rhizomatic Resurgence: Multispecies Storytelling and Ecological Entanglement in Southeast Asian Bio-Art Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Sarah Armalia; Kevin Setiawan; Sudarto Sudarto
Enigma in Cultural Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Cultural
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/cultural.v3i1.102

Abstract

The Anthropocene epoch has catalyzed a profound shift in contemporary art, with Bio-Art emerging as a critical field for interrogating the complex relationships between humanity, technology, and the non-human world. While significant scholarship has explored Bio-Art in Western contexts, its unique manifestations within Southeast Asia remain underexamined. This study investigated the rise of a specific mode of Bio-Art in this region, characterized by rhizomatic structures, multispecies storytelling, and deep ecological entanglement, offering a vital counter-narrative to anthropocentric perspectives. This research employed a qualitative, multi-sited case study methodology. Four exemplary Bio-Art projects from Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Singapore, created between 2020 and 2024, were purposively selected. A multi-modal analytical approach was utilized, combining formal visual analysis of the artworks, critical discourse analysis of artist statements and curatorial texts, and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with the artists and curators. The analysis was theoretically grounded in the concepts of the rhizome (and multispecies ethnography. The analysis revealed four dominant themes. First, artists consistently employed the rhizome as both method and metaphor, creating non-linear, decentralized works that mirrored ecological networks. Second, a significant pattern of weaving technoscience with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) was identified, where advanced biotechnologies were syncretized with local cosmologies and indigenous practices. Third, the artworks actively engaged in more-than-human narration, displacing the human as the central protagonist and instead foregrounding the agency of fungi, plants, microbes, and other organisms. Finally, these projects cultivated affective ecologies, generating powerful emotional responses in viewers to foster critical engagement with pressing regional issues. In conclusion, Southeast Asian Bio-Art, as examined in this study, represents a significant "rhizomatic resurgence" that challenges and expands the global discourse on ecological art. By entangling advanced science with local heritage and centering non-human agencies, these practices foster a profound sense of ecological interdependence. This research concludes that the region's artists are pioneering unique aesthetic and ethical frameworks for navigating our shared planetary crisis, contributing vital perspectives rooted in the unique biocultural complexities of Southeast Asia.
Beyond the Green Revolution: A 10-Year Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Analysis of Balinese Subak Socio-Ecological Governance and its Alignment with SDG 2 and SDG 6 Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Anita Havyasari; Ni Made Nova Indriyani; Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Maya Enderson; Sudarto Sudarto
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.50

Abstract

The global challenges of food insecurity (SDG 2) and water scarcity (SDG 6) require proven, sustainable governance models. Socio-ecological systems (SES) rooted in local wisdom (kearifan lokal) offer resilient alternatives. The Balinese Subak, a UNESCO World Heritage site guided by the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, is a pre-eminent example. This research employed a 10-year (2015-2025) longitudinal, mixed-methods, comparative case study of two Subak systems in Bali. We collected a comprehensive dataset including 1,200 systematic water sampling events (yielding 7,200 analytical data points for pH, TSS, BOD, COD, NO3-N, PO4-P) and a 10-year rolling panel survey (n=2,000 completed survey-years) to assess agricultural and governance metrics. Qualitative data (n=60 interviews, n=24 meeting observations) were thematically analyzed. Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models (GLMMs) revealed a statistically significant time-dependent reduction in pollution, including Nitrate (β = -0.21 mg/L/year, p < .001) and BOD (β = -0.15 mg/L/year, p < .001), across both sites. This trend was strongly associated with a validated Social Governance Index (SGI). Critically, rice yields remained stable at a high-productivity average (6.2 t/ha), while chemical pesticide use declined by 48% (p < .001). Qualitative analysis identified the core mechanisms: (1) Tri Hita Karana as an internalized moral framework, (2) ritual calendars as coordination mechanisms, and (3) awig-awig as an adaptive governance system. In conclusion, the Subak system demonstrates a proven, sophisticated, and data-driven framework that operationalizes kearifan lokal to achieve the non-trade-off, simultaneous goals of sustainable agriculture (SDG 2) and clean water (SDG 6). These findings provide robust evidence that such systems are not relics but essential, adaptive governance models for global sustainability.
Beyond Tenure: A Quasi-Experimental Causal Analysis of Community Forest Management on Peatland Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks, and Management Efficacy in Sumatra Jasmila Tanjung; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Caelin Damayanti
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.54

Abstract

Indonesia's Hutan Desa (HD, Village Forest) program is a cornerstone of global social forestry, yet its causal ecological impacts remain contested. Rigorous, counterfactual-based evidence is urgently needed to validate this policy intervention, particularly in globally critical peat-swamp landscapes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to construct a statistically balanced sample of 40 HD (treatment) and 40 non-HD (control) village units in Sumatran peatlands. We analyzed data from 400 1-hectare permanent sample plots (5 plots nested per village). We assessed floral diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index, H'), faunal presence, and ecosystem carbon stocks (Above-Ground, AGB; Soil Organic Carbon, SOC). Causal impacts were quantified using Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs) to account for the nested data structure. We further analyzed the "treatment effect" by modeling dose-response relationships for permit duration and management intensity. After matching, LMMs revealed that HD management has a significant positive causal effect on all ecological outcomes. Floral diversity was significantly higher in HD plots (H' = 2.92) versus control plots (H' = 2.18; F(1, 78) = 48.21, p < 0.001). Total ecosystem carbon stocks (AGB + SOC in top 100cm) were 36% higher in HD units (255.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) compared to controls (187.3 Mg C ha⁻¹; F(1, 78) = 53.09, p < 0.001). This was driven by a significant preservation of SOC. Dose-response models further showed that ecological benefits (such as AGB) accumulate significantly with increased permit duration and that higher management intensity is a strong predictor of biodiversity. In conclusion, our findings provide robust, hierarchical evidence that HD management is an effective conservation and climate mitigation strategy. By establishing tenure, enabling active stewardship, and, crucially, protecting peatland hydrology, the HD model delivers verifiable, causal improvements to biodiversity and carbon stocks.
Beyond the Canopy Cover: A Comparative Mediation Analysis of Green Space Quality versus Quantity on Mental Well-being and Social Cohesion in High-Density Low-Income Neighborhoods Jasmila Tanjung; Maya Enderson; Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Eva Naritawati; Nurul Hanifah; Maximillian Wilson
Scientia Psychiatrica Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Scientia Psychiatrica
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/scipsy.v6i3.197

Abstract

Introduction: Rapid urbanization in the Global South has precipitated a mental health crisis, particularly in high-density, low-income neighborhoods where environmental stressors are endemic. While the association between urban green space (UGS) and mental well-being is well-documented, a critical knowledge gap remains regarding the differential impacts of green space quantity (availability) versus quality (usability/biodiversity) and the mediating role of social cohesion. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a comparative mediation analysis involving 1,240 residents across 15 high-density districts in Jakarta, Indonesia. UGS quantity was measured using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while quality was assessed using the Quality of Public Open Space Tool (POST). Mental well-being was evaluated using the WHO-5 Index, and physiological stress was quantified via salivary cortisol. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to test the mediating pathways of social cohesion and physical activity. Results: UGS quality demonstrated a significantly stronger direct effect on mental well-being (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) compared to UGS quantity (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). Social cohesion fully mediated the relationship between UGS quality and well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.18, 95% CI [0.12, 0.25]), whereas salivary cortisol levels were inversely associated primarily with UGS quality (β = -0.33, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In resource-constrained urban environments, the quality of green space—defined by safety, amenities, and aesthetics—is a more critical determinant of public mental health than mere vegetative cover.