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Pendekatan Deteksi Dini Retinoblastoma pada Anak di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta Senyum Indrakila; Muhammad Ilham Malda; Widyanti Soewoto; Joko Purnomo; Amru Sungkar; Nunik Agustriani; Abhista Rafianka Saputra
Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Vol 6, No 9 (2023): Volume 6 No 9 2023
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jkpm.v6i9.10799

ABSTRAK Retinoblastoma merupakan keganasan pada mata yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak dengan insiden terjadinya berkisar antara 1 dalam 14.000 sampai 1 dalam 20.000 kelahiran. Diagnosis dan penanganan retinoblastoma yang terlambat menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya metastasis ke bagian ekstraokuler, kehilangan penglihatan dan kematian. Pada negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia penyebab keterlambatan diagnosis retinoblastoma berasal dari orang tua anak yang disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi dan ketidaktahuan pada penyakit retinoblastoma serta kewaspadaan dari gejala klinis dari retinoblastoma. Kira-kira setengah dari populasi anak yang terdiagnosis retinoblastoma meninggal, diperkirakan karena baru terdiagnosis saat stadium lanjut. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kewaspadaan orang tua tentang penyakit retinoblastoma. Penanganan awal retinoblastoma melalui deteksi dini tes lihat merah untuk melihat adanya leukokoria dapat dilakukan di fasilitas layanan kesehatan yang memadai dengan alat sederhana menggunakan oftalmoskop. Kata Kunci : Retinoblastoma, Tes Lihat Merah, Deteksi Dini ABSTRACT Retinoblastoma is a common eye malignancy in children with an incidence ranging from 1 in 14,000 to 1 in 20,000 births. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma is one of the problems that can lead to extraocular metastases, loss of vision, and death. In developing countries, including Indonesia, the cause of delay in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma comes from the child's parents due to economic factors and ignorance of retinoblastoma disease and awareness of clinical symptoms of retinoblastoma. Approximately half of the population of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma die, presumably because it was diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the awareness and vigilance of parents about retinoblastoma disease. Early treatment of retinoblastoma through early detection, see red to see the presence of leukocoria can be done in adequate healthcare facilities with simple tools using an ophthalmoscope. Keywords: Retinoblastoma, Red Reflex Test, Screening

Adiposity-Induced Voiding Dysfunction: Unraveling the Association Between Overweight Status and Symptom Severity in Non-Retentive Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Iman Hakim Wicaksana; Setya Anton Tusarawardaya; Suharto Wijanarko; Wibisono; Amru Sungkar
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v6i1.845

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has historically been viewed through a prostato-centric lens, attributing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) primarily to prostatic volume and mechanical obstruction. However, this model fails to account for the substantial symptom burden observed in patients without significant retention or massive enlargement. Emerging evidence suggests that systemic metabolic dysregulation, particularly adiposity, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of LUTS. This study aims to evaluate the association between Overweight status and the subjective severity of LUTS in a specific cohort of non-retentive BPH patients, thereby isolating metabolic contributors from acute mechanical failure. We conducted an observational analytic cross-sectional study at the Urology Polyclinic of RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, Indonesia, from June 2024 to January 2025. The study enrolled 110 men diagnosed with BPH who met strict criteria for non-retentive status (post-void residual <150 mL, no indwelling catheter). Participants were stratified into normal BMI (<25 kg/m²) and Overweight (≥25 kg/m²) groups. Symptom severity was quantified using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square analysis. The cohort comprised 72 (65.5%) normal-weight and 38 (34.5%) overweight patients. A statistically significant disparity in symptom severity was observed. The overweight group exhibited a significantly higher mean IPSS (17.87 ± 5.18) compared to the normal group (11.54 ± 4.71) (p<0.001). Notably, 44.7% of overweight patients presented with severe LUTS, compared to only 5.6% of normal-weight patients. Conversely, 90.9% of patients with mild symptoms belonged to the normal-weight group. In conclusion, overweight status is significantly associated with increased LUTS severity in non-retentive BPH patients. The findings suggest that adiposity exacerbates voiding dysfunction through systemic inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic pathways independent of urinary retention. These results advocate for the integration of weight management as a core therapeutic strategy in BPH care.

Thresholds of Cytoprotection: Ethanolic Propolis Extract Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the MDA/IL-6 Axis in a Graded Rat Skin Flap Model Dinar Kukuh Prasetyo; Amru Sungkar; Brian Wasita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1546

Background: Distal necrosis in reconstructive skin flaps results from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties, its efficacy limit relative to the severity of ischemic challenge remains undefined. Methods: A randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted using 36 male Wistar rats. A graded ischemia model was engineered using modified McFarlane flaps with increasing length-to-width ratios: Mild (2:1), moderate (3:1), and severe (4:1). Subjects were stratified into vehicle (Control) and treatment (Propolis 800 mg/kg/day, oral) groups across all dimensions. The primary endpoint was the percentage of viable flap area on Day 7. Secondary endpoints included serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and histological scoring of inflammation. Results: All animals survived the procedure. Propolis significantly increased viable tissue area in the moderate ischemia group (76.4 ± 4.2%) compared to Vehicle (52.1 ± 5.8%; p < 0.001). In Mild ischemia, survival was near-maximal in both groups (>92%). However, in Severe ischemia, Propolis failed to prevent significant necrosis (34.2 ± 6.1% survival vs. 28.5 ± 5.4% in Vehicle; p = 0.092), indicating a therapeutic ceiling. Biochemically, Propolis suppressed MDA (11.92 ± 0.45 nmol/mL) and IL-6 (121.0 ± 4.71 pg/mL) significantly in moderate challenges but was overwhelmed by the oxidative surge in severe ischemia (MDA > 12.0 nmol/mL). Conclusion: Propolis confers significant protection against I/R injury by dampening lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation, but this effect exhibits a distinct threshold. It is highly effective in moderate ischemic challenges but insufficient for severe vascular compromise.

Thresholds of Cytoprotection: Ethanolic Propolis Extract Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the MDA/IL-6 Axis in a Graded Rat Skin Flap Model Dinar Kukuh Prasetyo; Amru Sungkar; Brian Wasita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1546

Background: Distal necrosis in reconstructive skin flaps results from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties, its efficacy limit relative to the severity of ischemic challenge remains undefined. Methods: A randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted using 36 male Wistar rats. A graded ischemia model was engineered using modified McFarlane flaps with increasing length-to-width ratios: Mild (2:1), moderate (3:1), and severe (4:1). Subjects were stratified into vehicle (Control) and treatment (Propolis 800 mg/kg/day, oral) groups across all dimensions. The primary endpoint was the percentage of viable flap area on Day 7. Secondary endpoints included serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and histological scoring of inflammation. Results: All animals survived the procedure. Propolis significantly increased viable tissue area in the moderate ischemia group (76.4 ± 4.2%) compared to Vehicle (52.1 ± 5.8%; p < 0.001). In Mild ischemia, survival was near-maximal in both groups (>92%). However, in Severe ischemia, Propolis failed to prevent significant necrosis (34.2 ± 6.1% survival vs. 28.5 ± 5.4% in Vehicle; p = 0.092), indicating a therapeutic ceiling. Biochemically, Propolis suppressed MDA (11.92 ± 0.45 nmol/mL) and IL-6 (121.0 ± 4.71 pg/mL) significantly in moderate challenges but was overwhelmed by the oxidative surge in severe ischemia (MDA > 12.0 nmol/mL). Conclusion: Propolis confers significant protection against I/R injury by dampening lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation, but this effect exhibits a distinct threshold. It is highly effective in moderate ischemic challenges but insufficient for severe vascular compromise.

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