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All Journal Madani: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)
Salwa, Rachel Amanda
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional terhadap Penggunaan Autonomous Weapon System (Drone Kamikaze Shahed-136) dalam Konflik Rusia-Ukraina Silaen, Angeline Christy; Salwa, Rachel Amanda
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 3, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

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Abstract

This article provides a critical analysis of the deployment of the Shahed-136 autonomous kamikaze drone within the context of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) amid the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It scrutinizes fundamental IHL principles—including distinction, proportionality, and the prohibition of superfluous suffering—in relation to the drone’s operational capabilities and documented impact. By examining verified incidents of civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure, the study raises pressing concerns about compliance with established legal norms. Furthermore, it explores the complex legal and ethical dilemmas posed by autonomous targeting systems and the diminished role of human oversight. The article also delves into issues of accountability and the formidable challenges in enforcing international legal frameworks against autonomous weapon systems. Ultimately, it underscores the urgent necessity for enhanced international regulatory mechanisms and robust oversight to address the humanitarian risks inherent in the evolving landscape of autonomous warfare. 
Analisis Kasus Overmacht dan Pemutusan Kontrak Sepihak: Studi Putusan Nomor 672k/Pdt/2020 antara CV. Berlian Mas dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Trenggalek Salwa, Rachel Amanda; Chandra, Restia Delya Ayu; Ilzan, Safa Aqila; Athareza, Sultan; Sentosa, Ummu Hani; Rizkianti, Wardani
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 11 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17905865

Abstract

The dispute between CV. Berlian Mas and the Regional Government of Trenggalek Regency, as reflected in Supreme Court Decision No. 672 K/Pdt/2020, stemmed from delays in the Plapar Bridge construction project, which the contractor attributed to flooding as a form of force majeure (overmacht). Although the contractor requested an extension of time, the regional government unilaterally terminated the contract without complying with the notification procedures required under the contract and procurement regulations. An assessment of Articles 1244–1245 of the Indonesian Civil Code shows that the flood did not objectively qualify as force majeure due to insufficient formal evidence and inadequate mitigation. The Supreme Court ruled that the termination constituted a breach of contract (wanprestasi), not a tort. This decision highlights the importance of strict proof of force majeure, adherence to the principle of pacta sunt servanda, and procedural compliance within government procurement contracts.
Co-Authors Athareza, Sultan Chandra, Restia Delya Ayu Ilzan, Safa Aqila Rizkianti, Wardani Sentosa, Ummu Hani Silaen, Angeline Christy