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POLEMIK CATRA PADA STUPA INDUK CANDI BOROBUDUR: KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI DAN FILOSOFIS LEE, So Tju Shinta; LEE, Salim
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This paper explores the profound meaning of the main stupa at Candi Borobudur and analyzes the implications of the proposed catra installation on the monument’s spiritual and cultural values. The interpretation is based on a post-processual perspective that emphasizes the importance of considering context, internal evidence, and internal symbolic relationships rather than seeking externally sourced validation. Through a combination of literature study, observation, and comparative analysis of stupas at Borobudur itself, contemporary Buddhist candis in Central Java, and various types of stupas abroad, this research concludes that the proposal for catra installation on the main stupa of Borobudur lacks a strong foundation both archaeologically and philosophically and does not contribute to the appreciation of spiritual values. The main stupa represents the pinnacle of the highest spiritual realization: the Buddha’s awakened mind (Dharmakaya). This ultimate meaning transcends other conventional symbolisms. This study underscores the importance of a contextual and comprehensive understanding of Borobudur, encompassing cultural, spiritual, and preservation aspects. This, in turn, has implications for the effectiveness of interpretation, conservation, and more sustainable development strategies for Borobudur and other Buddhist candi sites.
Reflections on The Maitrakanyaka-Avadana at Candi Borobudur: The Teaching of Exchanging and Equalizing Lee, So Tju Shinta; Lee, Salim
AMERTA Vol. 43 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2025.4907

Abstract

Abstrak. Refleksi tentang Maitrakanyaka-avadana di Candi Borobudur: Ajaran “Menukar dan Menyamakan". Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi ajaran berlapis dalam cerita Maitrakanyaka yang tergambar pada relief Candi Borobudur, dengan fokus pada praktik “menukar dan menyamakan” (parivartana). Melalui analisis dialogis relief dan perbandingan dengan versi naskah Sanskerta, Tionghoa, Tibet, dan Pali, penelitian ini mengungkap unsur-unsur didaktik yang kaya. Narasi ini berpuncak pada ajaran mendalam tentang parivartana (atau tonglen), yang menekankan keberanian untuk mengambil alih penderitaan orang lain. Praktik yang dimotivasi oleh bodhicitta ini yang dipahat di Borobudur, merupakan bagian dari ajaran-ajaran terkenal dalam Buddhadharma mengenai budidaya pikiran. Relief-relief tersebut yang kemungkinan terinspirasi oleh berbagai versi naskah, juga menunjukkan proses seleksi, interpretasi, dan adaptasi yang terampil dari para perancang dan pemahat Borobudur dalam menciptakan narasi visual, sekaligus berfungsi sebagai bukti penguasaan literasi yang luas pada masanya. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menyoroti bagaimana relief Borobudur secara efektif menyampaikan ajaran yang mengakar kuat yang masih relevan dan masih dipraktikkan hingga sekarang. Kata kunci: Ajaran Borobudur, Cerita Maitrakanyaka, Parivartana, Relief naratif, Tonglen   Abstract. This paper explores the multi-layered teachings within the Maitrakanyaka story as depicted in the Borobudur reliefs, focusing on the practice of “exchanging and equalizing” (parivartana). Employing dialogical analysis of the reliefs and comparing them with Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, and Pali manuscript versions, the study reveals rich didactic elements. The narrative culminates in a profound teaching on parivartana (or tonglen), emphasizing the courageous act of taking on the suffering of others. This bodhicitta-motivated teaching, carved at Borobudur, is part of the celebrated teachings within Buddhadharma regarding mind cultivation. The reliefs, likely inspired by various manuscript versions, also demonstrate the Borobudur designers’ and sculptors’ process of selection, interpretation, and adaptation in creating a visual narrative, while simultaneously serving as evidence of the extensive literary mastery of their time. Ultimately, this study highlights how Borobudur’s reliefs continue to convey these enduring teachings, which remain relevant and practiced today. Keywords: Borobudur teachings, Maitrakanyaka-avadana, Narrative relief, Parivartana, Tonglen