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All Journal Damianus Journal of Medicine Indonesian Journal of Global Health research
Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry
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Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sudarto, Sudarto; Hafy, Zen; Saleh, Irsan; Liberty, Iche Andriyani; Ahmad, Zen; Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry; Hu, Owen; Salutondok, Welly
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i3.6797

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains a major global health burden. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), a critical component of the innate immune system, plays a key role in the host-pathogen interaction by recognizing specific components of the mycobacterial cell wall and initiating downstream inflammatory pathways. However, the dual role of TLR-2 in both protective immunity and immune evasion by M.tb contributes to the complexity of TB pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis, including its immunological mechanisms, relationships with disease severity, and the potential of TLR-2 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. This literature review systematically analyzed molecular mechanisms involving TLR-2 signaling in pulmonary TB using peer-reviewed primary and secondary sources from experimental and clinical studies. Emphasis was placed on signal transduction (NF-κB and MAPK), cytokine profiles, antigen presentation, and the impact of TLR-2 gene polymorphisms on TB susceptibility. Activation of TLR-2 through ligands such as lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and PE/PPE proteins initiates immune responses via MyD88-dependent pathways, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12). TLR-2 also enhances the function of macrophages and dendritic cells, promoting Th1-mediated immunity. However, chronic or excessive stimulation of TLR-2 can suppress antigen processing, promote IL-10 expression, inhibit phagolysosome fusion, and facilitate M. tb survival within host macrophages. Polymorphisms in the TLR-2 gene (e.g., rs3804099) have been associated with increased susceptibility and variable clinical outcomes in PTB. TLR-2 plays a paradoxical role in pulmonary tuberculosis by mediating both protective immunity and facilitating immune evasion by M.tb. Understanding the balance of TLR-2 signaling and genetic variation is crucial for developing immunomodulatory therapies and personalized interventions in TB management.
Korelasi Kadar Serum Albumin terhadap Massa, Kekuatan Otot dan Performa Fisik pada Usia Lanjut di Poliklinik Geriatri Rsmh Palembang Riviati, Nur; Legiran; Saleh, Irsan; Indrajaya, Taufik; Dharma, Surya; Reagen, Muhammad; Yuniarti, Fifi; Rasidi, Syafran; Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry; Indra, Bima
Bahasa Indonesia Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Damianus Journal of Medicine
Publisher : Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/djm.v22i1.4233

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a common problem found in the elderly. It is characterized by loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and/or low physical performance. Currently, there’s little research on the association between serum albumin and muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to find the correlation between serum albumin and muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022 towards elderly patients (>60 years) from the geriatric polyclinic at RSUP Moh. Hoesin Palembang. Serum albumin was examined for its correlation with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance using Spearman’s test. Result: 41 elderly patients were included in this study (mean age 70.75 ± 7 years, 56.1% women). Correlation analysis showed that there’s a significant positive correlation between serum albumin with muscle strength (r=0.354, p=0.012) and a negative correlation with physical performance (r=-0.5, p <0.001). In comparison, there was no significant correlation between serum albumin and muscle mass (r=- 0.05, p=0.367). Conclusion: Muscle strength and physical performance have a significant correlation with serum albumin in the elderly. Therefore, even in the normal range, lower serum albumin is closely related to sarcopenia in the elderly. Key Words: albumin, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, sarcopenia.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Zen Hu, Owen Iche Andriyani Liberty, Iche Andriyani Indra, Bima Indrajaya, Taufik Legiran Legiran Muhammad Irsan Saleh Nur Riviati, Nur Rasidi, Syafran Reagen, Muhammad Salutondok, Welly Sudarto Sudarto Surya Dharma Yuniarti, Fifi Zen Hafy