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All Journal Global Medical and Health Communication Biomedical Journal of Indonesia SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Jurnal RSMH Palembang
Ahmad, Zen
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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RELATIONSHIP OF MUTATION OF KODON S 315 T KATG MYCOBATERIUM TUBERCULOSIS GENE WITH MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH SUMATERA Syafriani, Diah; Pasaribu, Rouly Pola; Ahmad, Zen
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v6i1.10187

Abstract

MDR TB is a condition of M. tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. This occurs because of certain genomic mutations in certain Mtb specific genes. Some of the genes that play a role in the INH mutation are the katG gene, the inhA gene, the ahpC gene, the ndh gene and the kasA gene. The most frequent mutation gene is the katG gene, around 50-80%, and the most mutations (64%) are found in the S 315T codon. The aim was to determine the relationship of S315T genotype in the M. tuberculosis katG gene with the incidence of Mtb resistance in MDR TB patients in South Sumatra. This type of research is an observational cross sectional study approach, conducted in Palembang RSMH in collaboration with the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of FK UNSRI Palembang from January - July 2019. The sample of the case group (MDR TB) was 50 people while the control group (TB SO) was 21 people. Each group was tested for S315T genotype katG M. tuberculosis gene using the PCR-RFLP method with the Mspl enzyme. Visualization of the katG gene in codon 315 in this study was only found in 40 samples, 26 samples in the case group (MDR TB) and 14 samples in the control group (TB SO). Results Genetic frequency distribution in the case group (MDR TB) was 65.38% wildtype and 34.62% mutant, whereas in the control group (TBSO) it was 92.86% wildtype and 7.14% mutant. The 315 coded KatG gene mutation in this study was not related to the incidence of MDR TB, with p = 0.07, an odds ratio of 6.8 (0.77 - 61.40, 95% CI). The conclusions of this study found 315G katG M. tuberculosis codon mutation mutations of 34.62% but not significantly related to the incidence of MDR TB in South Sumatra.
Aksi pemberdayaan dan edukasi kader tuberkulosis dalam deteksi kasus tuberculosis, serta deteksi dini hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus di Palembang Pasaribu, Rouly; Ahmad, Zen; Andriani, Linda; Sudarto, Sudarto; Rasyid, Ahmad; Fathurrachman, Alif; Setyorini, Dwi Indira 
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Vol 4 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/Hummed.V4I1.106

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a global health problem. According to the 2022 world tuberculosis report, Indonesia is ranked 2nd in the world with an estimated 969,000 cases. The number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis found and reported was only 443,235berculosis report, Indonesia is ranked 2nd in the world with an estimated 969,000 cases. The number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis found and reported was only 443,235. There are still around 500,000 cases that have not been discovered and reported. Co-morbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus are also diseases that are often encountered but are often ignored when they are still in their early phases. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus in pulmonary tuberculosis patients can adversely affect treatment outcomes. Tuberculosis cadres can play an important role in increasing pulmonary tuberculosis case detection and the early detection of comorbidities. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of tuberculosis cadres in Palembang in order to achieve an increase in case detection and comorbidities. Through the tuberculosis cadre organization, Sriwijaya Healthy Society, 15 tuberculosis cadres were given counseling with enrichment on case finding and early detection of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Through questionnaires before and after counseling, an increased understanding of tuberculosis case detection and early detection of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was obtained, with an average score before 56.7 and an average score after 91.3. Simulated training on the early detection of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was also carried out so that the cadres could apply it to the community.
Deteksi penyakit paru obstruktif kronis dengan peak flow metric pada masyarakat di Kelurahan Sukamaju Palembang Fathurrachman, Alif; Indira, Dwi; Andriani, Linda; Pasaribu, Rouly; Sudarto, Sudarto; Rasyid, Ahmad; Ahmad, Zen
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/Hummed.V4l2.143

Abstract

. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable lung disease characterized by persistent and often progressive respiratory symptoms and airflow resistance. COPD is still the 3rd leading cause of death in the world. Risk factors such as smoking and continuous exposure to air pollution are the causes of COPD. In diagnosing COPD, in addition to a history of respiratory symptoms and physical examination, a spirometry examination is needed to assess lung function capacity. However, this examination is not always available in health care facilities. Peak flow metric, which is used to assess lung capacity at maximal expiration, can be a cheap and easy-to-implement alternative. Early detection of COPD with peak flow metric will be beneficial for the community to know their lung function capacity earlier, so that people pay more attention to their lung health. Therefore, early detection of airway obstruction disorders in the community is needed through this community service activity. About 200 participants were given counseling about COPD and COPD detection was carried out using a peak flow metric tool. Of the 200 participants, 38% were detected to have airway obstruction with peak flow metric results <80%. This will be the basis for the community to check themselves to the health facility for spirometry examination, and increase public awareness to maintain lung health.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam deteksi tuberkulosis secara mandiri di Kelurahan Sukamaju, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan Sudarto, Sudarto; Fathurrachman, Alif; Indira, Dwi; Pasaribu, Rouly; Andriani, Linda; Rasyid, Ahmad; Ahmad, Zen
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/Hummed.V5I1.144

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a long-recognized airway infection. However, the elimination of TB cases is still a major problem worldwide, especially Indonesia. According to the world tuberculosis report in 2023, Indonesia ranks 2nd in the world with an estimated 1,060,000 cases. The number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases found and reported in Indonesia still has not reached the national target. Case finding efforts are a joint effort of the government, health workers and the community. Bad stigma about pulmonary TB is still a challenge in the community. Therefore, community empowerment is needed in TB case finding efforts through independent TB detection that can be easily done by the community, so that they are able to recognize the symptoms of pulmonary TB for themselves and people in their neighborhood. Through community service activities by providing information through counseling materials about pulmonary TB detection efforts in the community. Through questionnaires before and after counseling, an increase in understanding of the discovery of pulmonary tuberculosis cases independently was obtained, with a mean score before 40 points and a mean score after counseling of 100 points. This is expected to increase the number of pulmonary TB case finding in Palembang city.
Patients with Multiple Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang: Association of Body Mass Index on Drug Side Effects Ahmad, Zen; Elzan Zulqad Maulana; Alif Fathurrachman; Dwi Indira; Linda Andriani; Sudarto; Rouly Pasaribu; Ahmad Rasyid
Jurnal RSMH Palembang Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal RSMH Palembang
Publisher : RSUP Dr Moh Hoesin Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jrp.v4i2.49

Abstract

Patients with Multiple Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang: Association of Body Mass Index on Drug Side Effects. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease transmitted by acid-resistant bacteria, namely, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). TB enters the respiratory tract and infects the lungs, and it can spread to other organs both hematogenously and lymphogenously. Pulmonary TB is the most common occurrence. Based on resistance, there are 2 types of pulmonary TB infection: drug-sensitive and drug-resistant. Multiple drug-resistant pulmonary TB (MDR-TB) is a type of pulmonary TB bacteria that is resistant or immune to rifampicin and/or isoniazid treatment. In the treatment of pulmonary TB, MDR uses a multi-drug combination therapy regimen in which each drug has both major and minor side effects. One of the risk factors for side effects is body mass index (BMI). In this study, conducted using a retrospective descriptive method during the 2019–2021 period at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, 52 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 33 subjects (63.5%) were under weight, and 19 subjects (36.5%) were normoweight. Of the 52 subjects, 27 experienced minor ESO and 25 experienced major ESO. The most common major ESO is hearing loss, with 12 events, and in the underweight group, with 10 events. The most common minor ESO was nausea, which occurred 14 times in the overweight group and 9 times in the underweight group. The chi square test showed that there was a significant relationship between underweight BMI and the incidence of major ESO with a p value of 0.029 and an odds ratio (OR) of 3.67x. We concluded that a low body mass index had a 3.67x effect compared to a normal BMI on the increased incidence of major side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in MDR-TB patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Resistance Patterns in Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital Muhammad Novran Chalik; Alif Fathurrachman; Linda Andriani; Rouly Pasaribu; Sudarto; Ahmad, Zen; Ahmad Rasyid
Jurnal RSMH Palembang Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal RSMH Palembang
Publisher : RSUP Dr Moh Hoesin Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jrp.v5i1.64

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by acid-resistant bacteria, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTb). Based on immunity, there are two types of pulmonary TB infection: drug-sensitive and drug-resistant. Based on ATD sensitization tests, MTb resistance types consist of TB that is monoresistant, polyresistant, multidrug resistance (MDR), pre-extensively drug resistant (Pre-XDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Globally, in 2022, there will be an estimated 450,000 cases of DR-TB, but only 161,000 treated. In Indonesia, in 2022, there were an estimated 24,000 cases of DR-TB; only 8,268 were notified and 5,082 cases had started therapy. In this study, conducted with a retrospective descriptive method, during the period 2022 at RSMH Palembang, 92 patients with DR-TB were obtained who received treatment at RSMH Palembang. Of the 92 subjects, the mean age of diagnosis of DR-TB was 44.47 ± 16.5. The most common gender was male 62 subjects (67.4%) and 30 subjects were female (32.6%). Of the 92 rifampicin-resistant patients, there were a total of 39 patients (42.4%) with isoniazid resistance. Among these 39 patients, 21 patients (54%) were primary resistance cases and 18 patients (46%) were secondary resistance cases. The most common type of therapy regimen used was a long-term regimen as many as 68 subjects (74%) and short-term as many as 24 subjects (26%)Primary resistance patterns were obtained in 43 subjects (46.8%) and secondary resistance in 49 subjects (53.2%). Of the 49 secondary resistance subjects, 52 subjects (56.5%) had TB-RR, 33 subjects (35.8%) had MDR-TB, 6 subjects (6.5%) had pre-XDR TB, and 1 subject (1.2%) had XDR-TB. The researcher concluded that the dominant resistance pattern of pulmonary TB cases was secondary resistance, with the results of the drug sensitivity test being TB-RR. However, it should be noted that DR-TB with a primary resistance pattern also has a higher percentage.
Penerapan respiratory fit test pada kader tuberkulosis dalam pencegahan penularan tuberkulosis di Palembang Pasaribu, Rouly; Fathurrachman, Alif; Wirdah, Aisyah; Andriani, Linda; Sudarto, Sudarto; Rasyid, Ahmad; Ahmad, Zen
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Vol 5 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/Hummed.V5I3.145

Abstract

According to the 2023 world tuberculosis (TB) report, Indonesia ranks 2nd in the world with an estimated 1,060,000 cases. Transmission of TB germs through droplets that enter the airways. TB cadres play an important role in assisting TB patients undergoing treatment, especially drug-resistant TB. TB cadres also play a role in providing health information to TB patients to achieve optimal treatment and achieve treatment success. During their roles, TB cadres who are in contact with active pulmonary TB patients are very vulnerable to infection. The implementation of respiratory fit tests for TB cadres in Palembang is needed, so that TB cadres in Palembang do not contract TB germs. Through the TB cadre organization, namely the Sriwijaya Healthy Society, 15 TB cadres were given counseling on the proper use of respirators and in accordance with conducting a fit test first. Through individual simulations with respirator fit tests, appropriate application was obtained for all TB cadres in using appropriate respirators. Through this activity, it is hoped that TB cadres in the city of Palembang will be able to carry out their duties safely and comfortably.
Penerapan etika batuk dalam mencegah ISPA pada masyarakat di Kelurahan Sukamaju, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan Andriani, Linda; Fathurrachman, Alif; Indira, Dwi; Pasaribu, Rouly; Sudarto, Sudarto; Rasyid, Ahmad; Ahmad, Zen
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Vol 5 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/Hummed.V5I3.146

Abstract

Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a disease that is easily transmitted through the air and can be inhaled into the airway. Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to severe or recurrent URTI. Increased incidence and severity of URTI in patients can significantly affect their productivity, while in children, it can hinder their growth and development. Cough ethics are generally well practiced by health workers in professional settings. However, among the public, cough etiquette is often ignored, so airborne diseases such as URTI can easily spread. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct counseling on proper cough etiquette practices to prevent the spread of URTIs, especially in Sukamaju subdistrict, Palembang. In this counseling activity, which was attended by around 200 participants, it was revealed that previously, 90% of them did not have an understanding of proper cough etiquette. After the counseling and simulation of cough etiquette, 100% of the participants have understood and applied cough etiquette correctly. Through this community service, it is hoped that the community will continue to apply proper cough etiquette, so as to form a sustainable positive habit in preventing disease transmission, as well as improving the health and welfare of the local community.
Identification of Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism on Linezolid-induced Toxic Optic Neuropathy Patients Setyorini, Dwi Indira; Ahmad, Zen; Amalia, Ella; Subandrate, Subandrate; Hutabarat, Yosafat Beltsazar
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v13i1.14240

Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is difficult to eradicate due to several factors, including insufficient treatment and medication side effects. Linezolid is among the medications with serious adverse effects. Linezolid toxicity is suspected to be related to the drug's binding to mitochondrial 16s rRNA. Some studies indicate that polymorphisms in patients' mtDNA may increase vulnerability to the development of toxic optic neuropathy. This study aims to identify a genetic influence on the vulnerability to the occurrence of toxic optic neuropathy side effects in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving linezolid treatment. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, from September to October 2023. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was undertaken to detect mutations in the G3010A mtDNA of the patients. Two patients experiencing toxic optic neuropathy side effects during drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment underwent blood sample collection. Blood samples were examined for mutations in the G3010A and A2706G genes using the PCR-RFLP method. The PCR-RFLP examination results indicated the presence of mutations in G3010A. In conclusion, polymorphism of G3010A mtDNA may contribute to the vulnerability to toxic optic neuropathy side effects in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving linezolid. Further research with a larger population is needed to prove the involvement of mtDNA polymorphisms in the vulnerability to toxic optic neuropathy.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sudarto, Sudarto; Hafy, Zen; Saleh, Irsan; Liberty, Iche Andriyani; Ahmad, Zen; Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry; Hu, Owen; Salutondok, Welly
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i3.6797

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains a major global health burden. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), a critical component of the innate immune system, plays a key role in the host-pathogen interaction by recognizing specific components of the mycobacterial cell wall and initiating downstream inflammatory pathways. However, the dual role of TLR-2 in both protective immunity and immune evasion by M.tb contributes to the complexity of TB pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis, including its immunological mechanisms, relationships with disease severity, and the potential of TLR-2 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. This literature review systematically analyzed molecular mechanisms involving TLR-2 signaling in pulmonary TB using peer-reviewed primary and secondary sources from experimental and clinical studies. Emphasis was placed on signal transduction (NF-κB and MAPK), cytokine profiles, antigen presentation, and the impact of TLR-2 gene polymorphisms on TB susceptibility. Activation of TLR-2 through ligands such as lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and PE/PPE proteins initiates immune responses via MyD88-dependent pathways, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12). TLR-2 also enhances the function of macrophages and dendritic cells, promoting Th1-mediated immunity. However, chronic or excessive stimulation of TLR-2 can suppress antigen processing, promote IL-10 expression, inhibit phagolysosome fusion, and facilitate M. tb survival within host macrophages. Polymorphisms in the TLR-2 gene (e.g., rs3804099) have been associated with increased susceptibility and variable clinical outcomes in PTB. TLR-2 plays a paradoxical role in pulmonary tuberculosis by mediating both protective immunity and facilitating immune evasion by M.tb. Understanding the balance of TLR-2 signaling and genetic variation is crucial for developing immunomodulatory therapies and personalized interventions in TB management.
Co-Authors Ahmad Rasyid ahmad rasyid, ahmad Alif Fathurrachman Andriani, Linda Andriani, Raden Ayu Linda Dwi Indira Ella Amalia, Ella Elzan Zulqad Maulana Fathurrachman, Alif Hu, Owen Hutabarat, Yosafat Beltsazar Iche Andriyani Liberty, Iche Andriyani Indira, Dwi Irfannudin kurniati, nova Linda Andriani Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry Muhammad Irsan Saleh Muhammad Novran Chalik Muhammad Yusri Pasaribu, Rouly Pasaribu, Rouly Pola Rachman, Alif Fathur Rizkyani Sariza, Fania Rouly Pasaribu Salutondok, Welly Setyorini, Dwi Indira Setyorini, Dwi Indira  Subandrate Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Syafriani, Diah Wirdah, Aisyah Zen Hafy Zulfadli, Nadia Karimah Amalia