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All Journal Jurnal Theologia al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies
Aldy Pradhana
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Religion Arts Humanities Social Sciences Other

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Rethinking the God of the Gaps Argument: An Islamic Philosophical Critique of New Atheism Muslih, Mohammad Kholid; Miqdad Hamid al Anshory; Aldy Pradhana
Jurnal Theologia Vol. 36 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2025.36.1.25497

Abstract

The persistent claim by New Atheists that belief in God merely functions as a placeholder for ignorance—commonly referred to as the "God of the Gaps" (GOG) argument—has significantly influenced contemporary discourse on the relationship between science and religion. This view asserts that the more science progresses, the less necessary God becomes, thereby reducing divine agency to an explanatory tool for unresolved phenomena. This article aims to critically examine the logic and epistemological assumptions behind the GOG argument, especially as articulated by figures such as Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens. Employing a qualitative method through critical literature analysis, this study draws on primary texts from New Atheist thinkers and philosophical responses from both Western and Islamic traditions. The analysis incorporates logical critique, especially identifying fallacies such as appeal to ignorance, false dichotomy, and strawman argumentation, and integrates Islamic epistemology, particularly the distinction between rational-metaphysical knowledge (‘ilm al-ma'rifah) and empirical knowledge (‘ilm al-ma'lūmāt). The findings reveal that the GOG argument relies on a reductionist worldview that fails to account for the metaphysical dimensions of reality. As a contribution, the paper offers an Islamic philosophical framework that transcends the false dichotomy between science and religion, proposing a coherent epistemology rooted in tawḥīd that sees science as a means to understand—not replace—divine order.
Problems of Expertise and Its Impact on Society: Analyst of Scientific Capacity in Islamic Tradition Muhammad Maulidin Baharsyah; Aldy Pradhana
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v8i3.1578

Abstract

This article aims to elaborate on the concept of experts and their needs today. This research emphasizes comparative analytical study methods by analyzing problems that exist in the Western world and even among Muslims themselves. The confusion in viewing expert figures as authorities have often given rise to various very complex problems. This stems from the failure to recognize expert figures. The truth is becoming increasingly opaque due to the emergence of various people claiming to be experts, followed by the proliferation of information. It is hoped that the birth of a healthy science culture will be able to overcome such problems. So that complete recognition of experts can occur. Thus, this research aims to restore the expert’s position as an authoritative expert, of course, following his capacity and abilities.
Co-Authors Miqdad Hamid al Anshory Muhammad Maulidin Baharsyah Muslih, Mohammad Kholid