Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens
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Legal Reform for Passive Euthanasia in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis of Policy and Ethics Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens; Halder, Debarati
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i2.20498

Abstract

This study aims to elaborate on the ethical and legal problems concerning passive euthanasia and Advance Directives (ADs) in Indonesia, focusing on the legal obscurity in current legislation, which causes uncertainties among families and medical practitioners. Although Indonesia’s Penal Code criminalizes active euthanasia, it remains silent on passive euthanasia, making healthcare providers vulnerable to the risk of prosecution when withholding or withdrawing futile treatments. Using a normative juridical approach, this research primarily analyzes Indonesian statutes and compares them with those of India, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Despite provisions in health laws for patients to refuse treatment, the absence of explicit guidelines forces healthcare providers to operate with legal uncertainty. A comparative analysis of India’s legalization of passive euthanasia showcases how legislative clarity can align with ethical, medical, and societal needs. Insights from Islamic-majority countries like Saudi Arabia and Iran also reveal that Islamic jurisprudence, through the harm reduction principle, can be aligned with passive euthanasia within an ethical framework. Several particular reform recommendations are provided in this regard in the study, comprising amending the Penal Code to differentiate passive euthanasia and murder, establishing formal AD procedures, and introducing ethics committees and dual-approval oversight to maintain the ethical purity of the process. These reforms and public awareness initiatives would enhance the principle of patient autonomy and clarify misconceptions and legal responsibilities, providing overall improvement in an unattended aspect of medical care.
Balancing National Constitutions and International Trade Commitments: Comparative Insights from Indonesia, Thailand, and India Widodo, Hananto; Lovisonnya, Intan; Disantara, Fradhana Putra; Chansrakaeo, Ruetaitip; Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v7i2.4813

Abstract

Economic globalization has heightened tensions between national sovereignty and international trade obligations. This study compares constitutional review mechanisms in Indonesia, Thailand, and India, representing civil law and common law systems. Using normative legal methods with statute and comparative analysis, it finds that Indonesia applies ex post review of ratification laws, Thailand uses preventive ex ante review, and India employs substantive, precedent-based judicial review. Effectiveness varies: India achieves high substantive effectiveness through judicial activism, Thailand excels procedurally, and Indonesia remains limited to formal review. The study concludes that constitutional review effectiveness depends on institutional design, legal tradition, and the ability to balance constitutional supremacy with international commitments.
Integrating Local Wisdom and Waqf Regulation: Toward an Inclusive Governance Model of Indigenous Land-Waqf in Indonesia and India Salmawati, Salmawati; Muhdar, Muh. Zulkifli; Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens
Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v20no1.4842

Abstract

The integration of local wisdom and waqf practices is a critical issue in the legal and social development of multicultural countries such as Indonesia and India, where Islamic law, state law, and customary law often overlap, creating legal uncertainty, particularly for communal waqf land. Using a normative legal method with statutory and comparative approaches, this study finds that both countries practice legal pluralism: Indonesia excels in formal mechanisms through land certification and communal nadzir, while India demonstrates institutional robustness via the State Waqf Board. Building on these insights, the study proposes a dual-legitimacy governance model that integrates Islamic law, state regulations, and customary norms, emphasizing inclusive governance, customary-based mediation, and distributive justice to ensure both the sustainability of waqf assets and the welfare of indigenous communities.