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The Impact of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on the Clinical Manifestations and Disease Progression of Spondyloarthritis: a Narrative Review Sari, Lia Cahya; Sitanggang, Robestri Natalia; Qudsiyyah, Farida
Humantech : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Humantech : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia
Publisher : Program Studi Akuntansi IKOPIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32670/qn0cnp03

Abstract

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory joint and spine diseases with various clinical manifestations. The classification and diagnosis of SpA are determined based on observations of the sacroiliac joints, hip joints, enthesitis, or the presence of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B*27). The main clinical manifestations of SpA are inflammatory pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joints and spine. Although the pathogenesis of SpA is not fully understood, genetic and environmental factors can lead to inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and the IL-23/IL-17 axis, which cause dysregulation of immune cells and stromal cells. This review aims to find out the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the clinical manifestations and disease progression of Spondyloarthritis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 have an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of Spondyloarthritis. IL-17A stimulates the expression of RANKL and inhibits Wnt signaling, thereby suppressing osteoblast activity, promoting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in axSpA and PsA. IL-17 also trigger arthritis, spondylitis, and conjunctivitis in ReA. Increased expression of IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α due to microbiota activity provides immune cell recruitment and mucosal injury, thus maintaining chronic inflammation in IBD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have an impact on clinical manifestations of spondyloarthritis by stimulating an inflammatory response in the joints, leading to pain, and influencing disease progression by causing bone and joint tissue destruction. They also contribute to the formation of scar tissue around the joints, reducing mobility and causing significant stiffness in the spine
EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF BIDARA LEAF EXTRACT (Ziziphus mauritiana) AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli Qudsiyyah, Farida
Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOSAINS PASCASARJANA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jbp.v27i2.2025.119-130

Abstract

Bidara leaf extract is known to have potential immunomodulatory activity, this suggests that it may provide a response to infections caused by bacteria. The results of phytochemical screening of bidara leaves taken from Klagen village, showed that there were secondary metabolite compounds in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The inhibition zone test with the disc diffusion method using extract concentrations of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% as well positive control and negative control. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone test was the widest of the two bacteria at Staphylococcus aureus was 10.97 ± 2.47 mm, while in Escherichia coli it was 5.26 ± 0.45 mm. The next test is the MIC test using concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% which is then followed by the MBC test. The results of the MIC test with the micro dilution method are known by observing changes in media turbidity after incubation. Then continued with the MBC test as confirmation of the presence of microbes after the incubation period through the pour plate method. The KHM value was obtained at a concentration of 50%, on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a total colony of 1.2 x 106 CFU/mL and on Eschericia coli with a total colony of 1.0 x 107 CFU/mL. The KBM value obtained on Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli test bacteria is at a concentration of 100%.