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Analysis of the Increase in Education Costs in Indonesia: Socio-Economic Implications Wulan, Mentari Putri; Ahmad, Masduki; Rochimah, Heni
Journal of English Language and Education Vol 10, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jele.v10i4.1052

Abstract

This study examines the increase in education costs in Indonesia and its impact on the social and economic aspects of society through a literature study approach. Over the past few years, the cost of education has been increasing, adding to the financial burden on families, especially for those from the lower middle economic class. The study identified the direct costs (such as tuition and development costs) and indirect costs (such as books, transportation, and digital technology needs) that contribute to the increased burden. This increase exacerbates inequality in access to education and limits opportunities for underprivileged groups. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this problem by widening the digital divide that causes many students to fall behind in the learning process. Government programs, such as PIP, KIP Lectures, and BOS, have provided assistance, but face obstacles in terms of proper and effective distribution. This study recommends sustainable and inclusive education financing reforms, including endowments, results-based financing, and public-private partnerships, as well as strengthening data collection and governance systems. Education should be seen not only as an economic investment, but also as a social investment that plays a role in promoting equality and sustainable development
A Systematic Literature Review on the CIPP Evaluation Model in Education: Examining Its Trends, Applications, and Research Gaps Wulan, Mentari Putri; Listyasari, Winda Dewi; Santosa, Heru; Huda, Syafa’At Ariful
Journal of Educational Sciences Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Educational Sciences
Publisher : FKIP - Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jes.10.3.p.307-320

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development, trends, applications, and research gaps of the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) Evaluation Model in the field of education over the past decade (2015–2025). This review employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA 2020, based on a structured search in the Scopus database using Boolean codes. The selection process followed the four PRISMA stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, resulting in 22 relevant articles for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that the CIPP model remains a dominant and adaptable evaluation framework across diverse educational contexts, ranging from primary and secondary education to higher education and professional training. The thematic analysis reveals a methodological shift toward mixed methods, expert-based evaluation techniques (such as Delphi and AHP), as well as data-driven and technology-enhanced approaches. The Context and Input components demonstrate the highest performance, whereas the Process and Product components still require improvement. Despite its wide application, research gaps persist, particularly in longitudinal evaluation, digital-based assessment, and theoretical integration. This study offers a theoretical contribution by updating the state of the art of the CIPP model and provides practical insights for policymakers and educators to strengthen evidence-based and outcome-oriented educational evaluation practices.