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All Journal JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Masyithah, Wulan
Unknown Affiliation
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health

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Association Between Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Female Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study Masyithah, Wulan; Onny Setiani; Yusniar Hanani Darundiati; Mursid Raharjo; Nurjazuli
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v17i3.2025.220-229

Abstract

Introduction: The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Long-term exposure to pesticides can disrupt glucose metabolism, trigger insulin resistance, and raise susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involved 162 female farmers selected by purposive sampling from a population of 2,187, using the Lemeshow formula. Independent variables included work duration, types and frequency of pesticide use, spraying duration and direction, PPE usage, and cholinesterase levels. The dependent variable was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and clinical tests for blood glucose and cholinesterase levels. Logistic regression was performed at 95% CI and α = 0.05. Result and Discussion: The results showed that 69.1% of female farmers exposed to pesticides had diabetes with lower cholinesterase levels as a significant indicator (p<0.001; OR=3.897; 95% CI=2.087-7.277). Factors such as working duration ≥10 years (p=0.010; OR=3.564; 95% CI=1.359-9.346), number of pesticides types (p=0.023; OR=3.370; 95% CI=1.187-9.570), spraying duration (p=0.020; OR=3.083; 95% CI=1.197-7.940), and PPE usage (p=0.007; OR=3.601; 95% CI=1.416-9.159) were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Pesticides, particularly organophosphates and carbamates, act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals that impair pancreatic function and increase oxidative stress, contributing to insulin resistance. Female farmers more vulnerable to these effects due to hormonal sensitivity, making gender specific approaches essential. Strict regulations and farmer education are crucial to reduce long-term health risks.
Pesticide Spraying Practices and Hypertension Risk among farmers in Bumen Village, Indonesia Masyithah, Wulan; Onny Setiani; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani; Suhartono; Raharjo, Mursid; Hasim, Jamal Hisham
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.317

Abstract

This study investigated the association between pesticide spraying practices and hypertension in horticultural farmers in Bumen Village, Sumowono District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 male farmers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, blood pressure measurements, and field observations. Logistic regression revealed that mixing ≥2 pesticide types (OR=4.828; p=0.028), spraying ≥4 times per week (OR=4.552; p=0.010), and incomplete PPE use (OR=3.551; p=0.015) were significantly associated with hypertension. These findings underscore the need for stricter pesticide regulation, improved PPE use, and regular health monitoring to reduce health risks among farmers.
Co-Authors Hasim, Jamal Hisham Mursid Raharjo Nurjazuli Onny Setiani Suhartono Yusniar Hanani Darundiati