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Risk Factor Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A Systematic Review Utami, Sukandriani; Biantara, I Made Putra; Arisarasmitha, I Gusti Ayu Kadek; Putri, Nurul Amiliana
Journal of Language and Health Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Language and Health
Publisher : CV. Global Health Science Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/jlh.v6i2.6802

Abstract

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, requiring a deeper understanding of its modifiable risk factors to inform prevention strategies. Objective: This study aims to identify the dominant risk factors contributing to ACS. Method: This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 11 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Among the studies evaluated, five major risk factors consistently emerged as significantly associated with ACS incidence: hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Hypertension is the most commonly reported factor, demonstrating its important role in endothelial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Smoking emerges as a strong and modifiable behavior-related risk, exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation. Diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated microvascular damage and atherogenesis, while dyslipidemia contributes through an imbalance of LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, promoting plaque formation. Obesity acts as an overarching metabolic disruptor, affecting four other risk factors through pathways involving insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the multifactorial etiology of ACS and highlight the urgent need for integrated public health interventions targeting these modifiable risks. Early identification and management of these conditions are critical to reducing the burden of ACS globally.
Ethical and legal aspects of doctors’ activities on social media: A literature review Tunjung, I Wayan; Biantara, I Made Putra
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada Vol 14 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Akademi Keperawatan Sandi Karsa (Merger) Politeknik Sandi Karsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35816/jiskh.v14i2.1298

Abstract

Introduction: Social media has become an essential communication platform influencing medical professionalism. For doctors, it serves as a tool for education, health promotion, and professional networking. However, unregulated use poses legal and ethical challenges, particularly concerning confidentiality and professionalism. This study explores the legal and ethical implications of doctors’ activities on social media in Indonesia. Methods: This research employs a normative legal and literature review approach. Sources were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Garuda, and Sinta, using keywords such as doctor, social media, ethics, and health law. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected based on relevance to legal and ethical aspects of medical social media use. Results: Findings indicate that while social media enhances accessibility to health information, education, and patient engagement, it also introduces risks of privacy breaches, misinformation, and blurred doctor–patient boundaries. Indonesian regulations, such as Law No. 11/2008 (ITE Law) and Law No. 17/2023 (Health Law), partially address these issues, but no specific regulation governs doctors’ digital conduct. A comparative analysis with international guidelines, such as those of the General Medical Council (UK), underscores the need for clearer national standards. Ethical principles in the Indonesian Medical Code of Ethics (KODEKI) must guide doctors’ online presence. Strengthened digital professionalism, legal clarity, and continuous education are crucial. Conclusion: Doctors’ responsible use of social media can enhance public health communication. However, comprehensive legal frameworks and ethical awareness are vital to safeguard patient rights and uphold medical professionalism in the digital era.