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Development of an inactivated viral transport medium for diagnostic testing in low-resource countries Rahmani, Silmi; Meitha, Karlia; Septiani, Popi; Priharto, Neil; Kamarisima, Kamarisima; Ningrum, Ratih A.; Angelina, Marissa; Agustiyanti, Dian F.; Wisnuwardhani, Popi H.; Nugroho, Herjuno A.; Tan, Marselina I.
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i3.2068

Viral transport medium (VTM) is crucial for retaining clinical specimens, such as the virus or its genetic material from the mucus of respiratory tract of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suspected patients. However, the locally produced VTM in Indonesia lacks the ability to inactivate the virus, risking the safety of diagnostic personnel. The aim of this study was to formulate inactive VTM (iVTM) incorporating chaotropic agents like guanidine salt, along with anionic detergents, chelators, buffers, and surfactants, to inactivate the virus while maintaining RNA integrity. Viral RNA stability in iVTM (pH 4 and pH 6) was evaluated for 30 days at 4°C and 25–28°C. In vitro inactivation test was performed on SARS-CoV-2 isolate (variant B1). The stability test revealed that storing the clinical specimens in iVTM at pH 6 maintained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) detectability by qPCR for up to 30 days at cold and room temperatures. Stability assessments conducted over a 4-month period (at 25–28°C) on iVTM with a pH of 6 revealed clear appearance, consistent pH stability, no alteration in the solution color, and no indications of bacterial or fungal contamination. Results from an in vitro inactivation assay demonstrated that iVTM pH 6 eliminated SARS-CoV-2 infectivity within just five minutes of contact. These findings suggest that iVTM pH 6 offers a safer and cost-effective alternative for handling and transportation of clinical specimens.

Development of an inactivated viral transport medium for diagnostic testing in low-resource countries Silmi Rahmani; Karlia Meitha; Popi Septiani; Neil Priharto; Kamarisima Kamarisima; Ratih A. Ningrum; Marissa Angelina; Dian F. Agustiyanti; Popi H. Wisnuwardhani; Herjuno A. Nugroho; Marselina I. Tan
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i3.2068

Viral transport medium (VTM) is crucial for retaining clinical specimens, such as the virus or its genetic material from the mucus of respiratory tract of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suspected patients. However, the locally produced VTM in Indonesia lacks the ability to inactivate the virus, risking the safety of diagnostic personnel. The aim of this study was to formulate inactive VTM (iVTM) incorporating chaotropic agents like guanidine salt, along with anionic detergents, chelators, buffers, and surfactants, to inactivate the virus while maintaining RNA integrity. Viral RNA stability in iVTM (pH 4 and pH 6) was evaluated for 30 days at 4°C and 25–28°C. In vitro inactivation test was performed on SARS-CoV-2 isolate (variant B1). The stability test revealed that storing the clinical specimens in iVTM at pH 6 maintained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) detectability by qPCR for up to 30 days at cold and room temperatures. Stability assessments conducted over a 4-month period (at 25–28°C) on iVTM with a pH of 6 revealed clear appearance, consistent pH stability, no alteration in the solution color, and no indications of bacterial or fungal contamination. Results from an in vitro inactivation assay demonstrated that iVTM pH 6 eliminated SARS-CoV-2 infectivity within just five minutes of contact. These findings suggest that iVTM pH 6 offers a safer and cost-effective alternative for handling and transportation of clinical specimens.

Polystyrene biodegradation and functional biodiversity of gut microbial consortia in Tenebrio molitor with metagenomic and metabolomic insights AFANDI AFANDI; SONY SUHANDONO; POPI SEPTIANI; AZZANIA FIBRIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260829

Abstract. Afandi, Suhandono S, Septiani P, Fibriani A. 2025. Polystyrene biodegradation and functional biodiversity of gut microbial consortia in Tenebrio molitor with metagenomic and metabolomic insights. Biodiversitas 26: 3994-4016. Polystyrene (PS), a persistent plastic pollutant, can be biodegraded by Tenebrio molitor larvae through gut microbiome-mediated processes. This study employed integrated shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics to elucidate the microbial taxa, enzymes, and metabolic pathways involved in PS degradation. In vivo trials demonstrated a PS mass reduction of 6.38%, while in vitro experiments using gut microbial consortia resulted in a 3.49% mass loss. Surface erosion of the PS film was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. Taxonomic profiling identified 334 bacterial genera under the PS diet and 329 under rice bran, with 93 genera unique to PS treatment. Dominant phyla included Proteobacteria (53.87%), Actinobacteria (6.44%), and Aquificae (6.42%). Hydrocarbon-degrading genera enriched under the PS diet included Burkholderia (3.94%), Nocardioides (2.67%), and Oceanobacter, the latter being exclusive to PS-fed larvae. Biodiversity metrics revealed high genus-level diversity (Shannon Index H? = 3.79-3.81), moderate Evenness (E = 0.65-0.66), and low Dominance (D = 0.06), indicating a complex yet balanced microbial ecosystem under xenobiotic stress. Functional annotations identified xenobiotic degradation pathways, including styrene metabolism (0.56%) and toluene metabolism (1.40%), driven by key enzymes such as monooxygenases and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Metabolomic profiling identified 39 metabolites in larval frass and 20 degradation intermediates in the liquid medium, with lactic acid and benzyl alcohol being the primary products associated with the breakdown of aromatic compounds. These findings underscore the functional biodiversity and ecological adaptability of the gut microbiome in plastic detoxification, highlighting insect-microbe symbioses as promising agents for sustainable bioremediation strategies.

Eco-bioremediation potential of mealworm gut microbiome for polystyrene degradation in nutrient-based media Afandi Afandi; Popi Septiani; Azzania Fibriani
Asia Pacific Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy Network (SAFE Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36782/apjsafe.v13i2.535

Polystyrene is a petroleum-based polymer widely used in single-use packaging and thermal insulation. Its high molecular weight and structural stability make it highly resistant to degradation, leading to persistent environmental accumulation. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of insect gut microbiota, particularly from mealworms, to biodegrade plastic waste. In this study, gut extracts were inoculated into Nutrient Broth (NB) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), each supplemented with polystyrene as emulsion, powder, or film. NB showed the highest reduction in polystyrene weight (0.93%) by day 28, compared to PDB (0.73%). Total plate count and yeast-mold count analyses revealed microbial proliferation in both media, with NB exhibiting a higher final bacterial count (7.562 log cfu/mL) than PDB (6.510 log cfu/mL), while fungal counts were comparable. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed structural damage to polystyrene films, including surface roughening and micro-pitting, especially in NB. These findings indicate that media composition significantly influences microbial growth and degradation efficiency. NB appears to favor bacterial communities with enhanced plastic-degrading capabilities, demonstrating superior biodegradation potential in liquid culture.

The Local Rice Varieties' Growth and Yield Reaction to Drought Conditions Dadang Sumardi; Popi Septiani; Husna Nugrahapraja; Chindy Ulima Zanetta; Tati Kristianti
Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI MADIUN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/florea.v13i2.25018

Local rice cultivars are traditionally developed and maintained through farmer-based agricultural practices. Identifying traits associated with drought tolerance in local rice germplasm is essential for the development of high-yielding, drought-resistant varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the drought tolerance characteristics of local rice cultivars from West Java, Indonesia. Fifteen local rice cultivars were collected from three locations: Tanjungsari District (Sumedang Regency), Ciletuh District (Sukabumi Regency), and Pandeglang Regency. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two treatment factors and three replications. The ten local rice cultivars evaluated exhibited different responses to variations in soil water content relative to field capacity. Based on the Drought Sensitivity Index (DSI), five cultivars were classified as sensitive, four as moderately tolerant, and one as tolerant to drought stress. Under optimal water availability, the Ampera, NN Banten, and Rancung cultivars demonstrated high grain yield potential. However, the Rancung cultivar was found to be susceptible to drought stress. In contrast, the Huma Hideung Ciletuh cultivar was classified as drought-tolerant because it showed only minor reductions in grain weight and grain number under drought conditions compared with optimal water availability.

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