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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Jemon, Khairunadwa
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science

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Ferula assafoetida as a Multi-Target Therapeutic Candidate for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review Selvaraju, Anusia; Mahat, Naji Arafat; Jemon, Khairunadwa; Mohd Nasir, Mohd Hamzah; Abdul Hamid, Azzmer Azzar; Mohamed Huri, Mohamad Afiq
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.16.02.01

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents a complex challenge in neurodegenerative research due to the persistent lack of disease-modifying therapies, prompting exploration of natural compounds with multi-target capabilities to modulate multiple pathways. Hence, this review evaluates the therapeutic potential of the ayurvedic plant, Ferula assafoetida, as a candidate for PD treatment. The phytochemical profile of F. assafoetida, rich in bioactive sulfur volatiles, phenolic acids, coumarins, and terpenes, aligns with mechanisms implicated in PD pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Critically, recent activity-guided isolation studies have successfully identified specific sesquiterpene coumarins, such as karatavicinol and farnesiferol C, as potent monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, demonstrating efficacy in ameliorating motor deficits and protecting dopaminergic neurons in a murine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD. This breakthrough provides the first direct experimental evidence for F. assafoetida in a PD model, transitioning its status from a traditional remedy to a source of validated, bioactive lead compounds. While mammalian models offer crucial translational validation, zebrafish, with their conserved dopaminergic pathways, genetic tractability, and suitability for high-throughput screening, emerge as an ideal complementary platform for accelerating future research. Advanced phytochemical profiling, integrating chromatographic methods and in silico molecular docking, could prioritize lead compounds for further investigation. The integration of gene expression analysis in zebrafish models, alongside behavioral assays, enables a comprehensive understanding of the impact of this plant on PD-related pathways. This pertinent evidence now positions F. assafoetida as a viable preclinical candidate. Future research should prioritize chemical standardization across different plant sources and in vivo mechanistic studies in zebrafish. By illustrating the synergy between phytochemistry and innovative model systems, this review lays the groundwork for exploring F. assafoetida as a promising candidate for novel PD therapies and related neurodegenerative disorders.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid, Azzmer Azzar Cristian, Yeremia Budi Mahat, Naji Arafat Mohamed Huri, Mohamad Afiq Mohd Nasir, Mohd Hamzah Palmasih, Anastasia Alin Prasetyo, Vania Griselda Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo Retna Apsari Sajidah, Elma Sakinatus Selvaraju, Anusia Suhailah Hayaza Widianti, Imanda