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Styana, Ucik Ika Fenti
Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta
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Pengaruh Bahan Bakar Terhadap Arus dan Tegangan yang Dihasilkan oleh Polymer Electrolite Membrane Fuel Cell yang Terintegrasi dengan Gasifier Sampah Organik Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Nurul Muyasaroh; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities, and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (205.083 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v3i2.590

Abstract

Saat ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Teknologi ini mampu mengkonversi hidrogen yang dihasilkan dari biomasa melalui proses gasifikasi, menjadi sumber energi listrik. Akan tetapi, kinerja PEMFC sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah kualitas bahan bakar yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas bahan bakar terhadap kinerja PEMFC yang terintegrasi dengan Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier.  Bahan baku yang digunakan pada proses gasifikasi adalah biomasa berupa tempurung kelapa yang diproses di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas, untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan variabel syn gas yang dimurnikan maupun tanpa pemurnian, serta hidrogen murni sebagai kontrol. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah satu set alat Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier yang diintegrasikan dengan PEMFC. Tahap awal pengujian adalah proses gasifikasi tempurung kelapa di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas yang akan langsung ditampung di dalam gas holder. Pengujian berikutnya dilakukan dengan cara yang sama, tetapi syn gas tersebut kemudian dimurnikan melalui satu set peralatan cyclone, filter, scrubber, dan condensor. Produk syn gas tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan pompa serta adanya penambahan oksigen menggunakan blower. Sebagai kontrol, dilakukan pengujian menggunakan hidrogen murni sebagai bahan baku PEMFC dengan laju alir 2,5 liter/menit dan  tekanan gas 2 kg/cm2. Analisa dilakukan dengan indikator arus dan tegangan untuk mengethaui daya yang dihasilkan dari Fuel Cell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syn gas hasil gasifikasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar PEMFC, namun arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil. Untuk syn gas hasil pemurnian, arus yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,1 Ampere dan Tegangan 1 Volt dan lampu indikator bisa menyala agak redup. Hasil ini berbeda dengan pengujian menggunakan bahan bakar gas hidrogen murni, dimana mampu menghasilkan arus sebesar 1,4 Ampere dan tegangan 7 volt, serta lampu indikator bisa menyala dengan terang. Sementara untuk syn gas tanpa pemurnian, arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil sehingga tidak terbaca oleh indikator. Kata kunci : Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hidrogen, ListrikAbstrackAlternative fuels such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This technology is able to convert hydrogen produced from biomass through a gasification process, into a source of electrical energy. However, PEMFC's performance is strongly influenced by several factors, including the quality of the fuel used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fuel quality on PEMFC performance integrated with the Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier. The raw material used in the gasification process is biomass in the form of a coconut shell which is processed in the gasifier to produce syn gas, to then be incorporated into PEMFC with a variable syn gas that is purified or without purification, and pure hydrogen as a control. The equipment used is a set of Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier tools that are integrated with PEMFC. The initial stage of testing is the process of gasification of the coconut shell in the gasifier to produce syn gas which will be directly accommodated in the gas holder. Subsequent tests were carried out in the same way, but the syn gas was then purified through a set of cyclone equipment, filters, scrubbers, and condensers. The syn gas product is then put into PEMFC with a pump and the addition of oxygen using a blower. As a control, testing was conducted using pure hydrogen as PEMFC raw material with a flow rate of 2.5 liters / minute and a gas pressure of 2 kg / cm2. Analysis is carried out with current and voltage indicators to determine the power generated from the Fuel Cell. The results showed that the syn gas produced from gasification can be used as PEMFC fuel, but the current and voltage produced are very small. For syn gas purification results, the resulting current is 0.1 Ampere and 1 Volt Voltage and the indicator light can be lit somewhat dimly. This result is different from testing using pure hydrogen gas fuel, which is able to produce a current of 1.4 Amperes and a voltage of 7 volts, and the indicator lights can be lit brightly. While for syn gas without purification, the current and voltage produced are so small that they cannot be read by indicators. Keywords: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hydrogen, Electricity
Potensi Campuran Kotoran Sapi dan Limbah Cair Rumah Pemotongan Ayam Sebagai Sumber Energi Penghasil Biogas Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Ganggan Nur Widodo; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (273.082 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v6i1.1142

Abstract

AbstrakKetersediaan energi alternative merupakan tantangan yang harus dihadapi sebagai solusi adanya krisis energi Sumber energi alternatif yang mudah untuk dikembangkan di masyarakat salah satunya adalah biogas, sebagai hasil dekomposisi bahan organik  dengan proses fermentasi anaerob. Pada penelitian ini biogas diibuat dari kombinasi antara kotoran sapi dan  limbah cair rumah pemotongan ayam sebagai substrat bahan biogas. Biogas yang dihasilkan dapat diketahui komposisi yang optimal, volume biogas terbanyak, dan uji nyala api yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jetis Prenggan, Sidokarto, Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian adalah analisa deskriptif dengan tahapan persiapan digester, pembuatan substrat, proses fermentasi anaerob, analisa pH, analisa suhu, analisa tekanan biogas, analisa volume biogas, dan uji nyala biogas. Variasi yang digunakan adalah campuran kotoran sapi dan limbah cair rumah pemotongan ayam  yaitu digeter A (5 liter : 2 liter), digeter B (3,5 liter : 3,5 liter), digester C ( 2 liter : 5 liter) dilakukan pengulangan dengan kapasitas digester 25 liter dan lama waktu fermentasi 30 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa digester B merupakan komposisi yang optimal dan menghasilkan volume biogas tercepat pada hari ke-4 dengan volume tertinggi sebesar 11,32 liter dengan hasil uji nyala api yang berwarna biru.AbstrackThe energy crisis is a challenge to develop alternative energy sources to support the availability of existing energy sources. One of the energy sources that is easy to develop in the community is biogas. It is the result of decomposition of organic matter through anaerobic fermentation process which produces bio gas in the form of combustible methane gas. This study used cow dung and a mixture of liquid chicken slaughterhouse waste as a substrate for biogas with the aim of knowing the optimal composition, the largest volume of biogas, and the resulting flame test. The research was located in Jetis Prenggan, Sidokarto, Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This is a descriptive analysis with research stages including preparation of anaerobic fermentation digester, manufacture of substrate, fermentation process in the digester, pH analysis, temperature analysis, biogas pressure analysis, biogas volume analysis, and biogas flame test. This study used 3 variations of a mixture of cow dung and liquid waste of a chicken slaughterhouse, namely digeter A (5 liters: 2 liters), digeter B (3.5 liters: 3.5 liters), digester C (2 liters: 5 liters) and repeated. with a digester capacity of 25 liters and a long fermentation time of 30 days. The results obtained show that digester B is the optimal composition and produces the fastest volume of biogas on day 4 with the highest volume of 11.32 liters with a blue flame test result.
WASTEWATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOAD OF EACH STAGE IN TEMPEH PRODUCTION Vita Pramaningsih; Hansen Hansen; Sarva Mangala Praveena; Ucik Ika Fenti Styana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3, OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1203.64 KB) | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12838

Abstract

Aim: This study is purpose to understand the chemical and physical characteristics and pollution load in each step of tempeh wastewater: washing, boiling, soaking and mixing. Tempeh is traditional food from soybean fermentation. Tempeh has a lot of healthy contents as protein and vitamin. However, wastewater from tempeh production is discharge to river directly which considered as environmentally damaging. However, the characteristics of wastewater from tempeh production and its level of environmental impacts to environment are limitedly studied. Methodology and Results: Tempeh wastewater was analyzed in chemical and physical parameters. Chemical characteristics analyzed are pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). pH was measured using pH meter, BOD using SNI 6989.72:2009 method and COD using SNI 6989.2:2019 method. The physical parameter analyzed is Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and analyzed using SNI 6989.3: 2019 method. Pollution load calculated by deviation maximum pollution load and pollution load existing. Result of this study findings indicated that the highest BOD 299.40 mg/L and COD 540.66 mg/L was found in soaking step compared to other steps in tempeh production. Highest TSS 655.20 mg/L was found in boiling step. The pH values in all steps were acidic 4 and 5. Allocation Pollution load of: TSS overall exceeded the capacity, BOD and COD overall exceeded the capacity except in washing step (BOD 304.39 kg/day and COD 857.78 kg/day). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The Highest TSS of tempeh wastewater processes was in boiling step while the highest organic matter was detected in soaking. Further for whole pH were acidic and exceeded the standard. Allocation of pollution load for TSS, BOD and COD exceed the standard except for BOD and COD in washing waste. Overall tempeh wastewater needs treatment to prevent river pollution.
KARAKTERISTIK BIOBRIKET AMPAS TEBU PT.MADUBARU PG MADUKISMO YOGYAKARTA Dimas Taufiq Ridlo; Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Isnatun Hidayah Haq
Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sebagai salah satu usaha untuk meminimalisir limbah ampas tebu dan tetes tebu (molase) di PT.Madubaru PG.Madukismo Kecamatan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta, dibutuhkan penanganan dan pemanfaatan yang efisien, sehingga limbah ampas tebu dan tetes tebu (molase) dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket arang ampas tebu dengan perpaduan perekat tetes tebu (molase). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arang ampas tebu dengan variasi komposisi perekat molase terhadap nilai kalor, lama waktu nyala, dan suhu briket saat dibakar dari hasil penelitian. Pengambilan sampel limbah ampas tebu dan tetes tebu (molase) diambil dari PT.Madubaru PG.Madukismo Tromol Pos 49 Padokan, Tirtonirmolo Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. Lokasi pembuatan briket di Laboratorium Kampus II ITY, dan lokasi pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Gedung Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Variabel penelitian ini komposisi arang ampas tebu dengan perekat molase 100gr:10gr, 100gr:30gr, 100gr:50gr,dengan ukuran butiran 10 mesh dan 30 mesh. Adapun uji kualitas briket yang dilakukan meliputi : uji nilai kalor pada ayakan 10 mesh saja dengan perbandingan 100gr:10gr, 100gr:30gr, dan 100gr:50gr. Kualitas briket arang ampas tebu yang dihasilkan adalah nilai kalor rata-rata pada ayakan 10 mesh perbandingan 100gr:10gr mendapatkan nilai kalor 5782.9446 kal/gr, perbandingan 100gr:30gr mendapatkan nilai kalor sebesar 5603.7615 kal/gr, sedangkan pada perbandingan 100gr:50gr diperoleh nilai kalor sebesar 5476.4761 kal/gr. Pada pengujian lama waktu nyala ayakan 10 mesh dengan perbandingan 100gr:10gr, 100gr:30, dan 100gr:50gr secara berturut-turut diperoleh waktu maksimumnya yaitu 6 menit 9 detik, 8 menit 27 detik, dan 5 menit 52 detik. Sedangkan untuk jenis ayakan 30 dengan perbandingan yang sama yaitu 100gr:10gr, 100gr:30, dan 100gr:50gr secara berturut-turut diperoleh waktu maksimumnya 4 menit 3 detik, 3 menit 19 detik, 2 menit 32 detik. Untuk pengujian suhu briket pada saat pembakaran pada ayakan 10 mesh dengan perbandingan 100gr:10gr, 100gr:30, dan 100gr:50gr secara berturut-turut diperoleh 177,4⁰C, 406,6⁰C, dan 99⁰C. Kemudian untuk ayakan 30 mesh dengan perbandingan yang sama diperoleh hasil 405,8⁰C, 336,4⁰C, dan 279,4⁰C. Komposisi perekat yang terbaik untuk uji nilai kalor yaitu 100gr:10gr dengan ayakan 10 mesh, sedangkan untuk uji lama waktu nyala briket komposisi terbaik pada perbandingan 100gr:30gr untuk ayakan 10 mesh. Untuk jenis ayakan 30 mesh komposisi terbaik pada 100gr:10gr. Pengujian suhu briket pada saat dibakar komposisi terbaik pada 100gr:30gr dengan ayakan 10 mesh, dan pada ayakan 30 mesh komposisi terbaik untuk suhu optimumnya pada komposisi 100gr:10gr. Dari data yang diperoleh nilai kalor yang diadapatkan telah mencapai batas standar kualitas briket sesuai SNI No. 1/6235/2000.
WASTEWATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOAD OF EACH STAGE IN TEMPEH PRODUCTION Vita Pramaningsih; Hansen Hansen; Sarva Mangala Praveena; Ucik Ika Fenti Styana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3, OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12838

Abstract

Aim: This study is purpose to understand the chemical and physical characteristics and pollution load in each step of tempeh wastewater: washing, boiling, soaking and mixing. Tempeh is traditional food from soybean fermentation. Tempeh has a lot of healthy contents as protein and vitamin. However, wastewater from tempeh production is discharge to river directly which considered as environmentally damaging. However, the characteristics of wastewater from tempeh production and its level of environmental impacts to environment are limitedly studied. Methodology and Results: Tempeh wastewater was analyzed in chemical and physical parameters. Chemical characteristics analyzed are pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). pH was measured using pH meter, BOD using SNI 6989.72:2009 method and COD using SNI 6989.2:2019 method. The physical parameter analyzed is Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and analyzed using SNI 6989.3: 2019 method. Pollution load calculated by deviation maximum pollution load and pollution load existing. Result of this study findings indicated that the highest BOD 299.40 mg/L and COD 540.66 mg/L was found in soaking step compared to other steps in tempeh production. Highest TSS 655.20 mg/L was found in boiling step. The pH values in all steps were acidic 4 and 5. Allocation Pollution load of: TSS overall exceeded the capacity, BOD and COD overall exceeded the capacity except in washing step (BOD 304.39 kg/day and COD 857.78 kg/day). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The Highest TSS of tempeh wastewater processes was in boiling step while the highest organic matter was detected in soaking. Further for whole pH were acidic and exceeded the standard. Allocation of pollution load for TSS, BOD and COD exceed the standard except for BOD and COD in washing waste. Overall tempeh wastewater needs treatment to prevent river pollution.
Co-Authors Ardito, M. Noviansyah Dimas Taufiq Ridlo Erlita, Desi Ganggan Nur Widodo Hansen Hansen Hindarti, Fifin Indrawati, Rosiana Isnatun Hidayah Haq Kurniawan, Adi Mu’minin, Amirul Muhammad Noviansyah Aridito Muhammad Sigit Cahyono Muyasaroh, Nurul Puspitasari, Amallia Rosiana Indrawati Sarva Mangala Praveena Vita Pramaningsih