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Legal Certainty in International Franchising: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Singapore Iman, Aini Nurul; Asiah, Nur; Lasabuda, Safa Nabila; Ramadhani, Sri Indah
SASI Volume 31 Issue 3, September 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v31i3.3039

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid expansion of international franchises into Indonesia creates complex legal dynamics, especially when foreign entities from developed countries such as Singapore face protectionist regulations in developing countries. One of the central issues that reflects this tension is the policy of limiting the number of foreign franchise outlets to a maximum of 250 outlets. These policies create ambiguity in legal norms, threaten legal certainty, and create potential conflicts between domestic market protections and international commitments within the global trade framework.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to examine and analyze legal certainty in cross-border franchise agreements, focusing on the comparison of the legal system between Indonesia and Singapore.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical approaches and comparative methods are used to explore differences in legal structures, the principle of freedom of contract, and the role of the state in regulating franchise schemes in both jurisdictions.Results of the Research: This study found that Singapore, with its minimalist common law approach, provides a high degree of contractual flexibility for business actors. On the contrary, the Indonesian legal system tends to be interventionist but does not fully guarantee legal certainty due to ambiguity of norms and overlapping regulations. Therefore, this study recommends the importance of harmonization of cross-border regulations in supporting the legal certainty of international franchise agreements.
Hasil Legal Due Diligence dan Legal Opini Sebagai Penentu Harga Akuisisi Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR) Iman, Aini Nurul; Alvisalia, Yelma Nomida
Action Research Literate Vol. 8 No. 11 (2024): Action Research Literate
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/arl.v8i11.2341

Abstract

Dalam dunia hukum kita mengenal istilah Legal Due Diligence (LDD) dan Legal Opini. Pemeriksaan atas kepatuhan hukum atas auditee (pihak yang di audit) pada proses akuisisi sangatlah penting karena Pihak yang mengakuisisi nantinya akan akan berdampak atas resiko jika auditee tidak mematuhi hukum, pajak, keuangan, dsb. Karena seringkali company profile, dokumen-dokumen penawaran kepada investor yang nantinya akan mengakuisisi tidak sesuai dengan data asli di lapangan. Terutama pada Bank BPR dalam peraturan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2024 mengenai Bank Perekonomian Rakyat dan Bank Perekonomian Rakyat Syariah menetapkan ketentuan tentang proses pengambilalihan, yang umumnya dikenal sebagai akuisisi. Maka temuan-temuan dalam LDD maupun Legal Opini terkadang mempengaruhi bagaimana kesepakatan harga akuisisi BPR dapat diambil alih oleh Pemegang Saham Pengendali (PSP) yang baru. LDD dan Legal opini inilah yang perlu menyebutkan bagaimana risiko hukum, bagaimana memastikan bahwa BPR mematuhi semua peraturan yang berlaku, termasuk persyaratan modal dan tata kelola, menilai kesehatan keuangan bank, termasuk aset, kewajiban, dan likuiditas, dan bagaimana struktur kepemilikan dan pengendalian sesuai dengan regulasi yang ditetapkan.