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All Journal Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Eksergi: Jurnal Teknik Energi
Gading Bagus Mahardika
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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ADHESIVE BEHAVIOR OF POLYCAPROLACTONE/HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL: A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS APPROACH Prabowo, Agung; Ahmad Fadli; Heni Sugesti; Muh Irwan; Syarifuddin Oko; Gading Bagus Mahardika; Marlinda
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6212

Abstract

Enhancing the adhesive strength of bioactive coatings is crucial for improving the mechanical stability of metallic implants. This study investigates the effects of three processing parameters—sonication temperature (X₁), PCL/HA ratio (X₂), and drying time (X₃)—on the adhesive strength of poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) composite coatings applied to 316L stainless steel substrates. A full factorial 23 experimental design was employed, and the results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression modeling. The adhesive strength response ranged from 19.62 MPa to 63.27 MPa. Among the factors studied, the PCL/HA ratio had the most significant positive effect, while drying time showed a minor influence. Interaction plots and response surface analyses revealed a synergistic effect between sonication temperature and PCL/HA ratio, contributing to improved bonding at the coating-substrate interface. The optimization results yielded a predicted maximum adhesive strength of 25.76 MPa at a desirability score of 0.03, highlighting the complexity of parameter interactions. These findings underscore the importance of processing conditions in tailoring coating performance for biomedical applications.
Sustainable Production of Biodiesel Using Eggshell-Derived CaO/K₂O Catalyst: Influence of Process Variables and Factorial Design Analysis Prabowo, Agung; Syarifuddin Oko; Muh Irwan; Alvyano; Gading Bagus Mahardika
Eksergi Vol. 22 No. 01 (2026): JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/eksergi.v22i01.7153

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of CaO/K₂O catalyst mass (X₁) and reaction time (X₂) on biodiesel yield produced from waste cooking oil via transesterification. A 2² factorial design was employed to evaluate the main and interaction effects of both parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the developed regression model was statistically significant (p = 0.0253) with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9386), indicating excellent model adequacy. The reaction time (X₂) exhibited the most significant positive effect on biodiesel yield (t = 5.96), while the catalyst mass (X₁) showed a negligible influence. The interaction term (X₁X₂) presented a moderate negative effect, suggesting that excessive catalyst loading combined with longer reaction duration may slightly decrease yield due to soap formation and emulsification. The contour profiler revealed that yield increases with both factors up to an optimum point, after which further catalyst addition provides minimal improvement. The optimum conditions were achieved at a catalyst mass of 4.5 g and a reaction time of 4.5 h, resulting in a biodiesel yield of 70.3%. These findings confirm that reaction time is the dominant factor affecting transesterification efficiency, and that CaO/K₂O derived from waste eggshells serves as an effective and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst.
Co-Authors Agung Prabowo Agung Prabowo Ahmad Fadli Alvyano Heni Sugesti Marlinda Muh Irwan Syarifuddin Oko