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All Journal Hukum Islam Jurnal Al-jina'i Al-islami
Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Sanksi Pidana Pelaku Pemerkosaan Anak di Bawah Umur Berdasarkan Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2004 Winalvia, Alya; Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska
Jurnal Al-Jina'i Al-Islami Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Al-Jina'i Al-Islami (December)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jaa.v1i1.144

Abstract

Abstrak: Pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur merupakan tindak pidana berat yang tidak hanya merusak hukum positif dan syariat Islam, tetapi juga meninggalkan luka fisik, trauma psikologis, serta stigma sosial bagi korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan antara ketentuan normatif dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat dengan realitas penerapan sanksinya terhadap pelaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dipadukan dengan analisis konseptual dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Qanun menetapkan hukuman tegas berupa cambuk, denda, dan penjara, pelaksanaannya masih menghadapi kendala berupa disharmoni dengan KUHP, keterbatasan aparat, serta dominasi penyelesaian adat yang sering merugikan korban. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya integrasi hukum nasional, Islam, dan daerah agar perlindungan anak lebih optimal. Kebaruan kajian ini terletak pada penilaian kritis terhadap kesenjangan sekaligus berkontribusi terhadap penguatan kebijakan hukum pidana Islam dan perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Abstract: Child rape is a serious crime that not only violates positive law and Islamic law, but also leaves physical wounds, psychological trauma, and social stigma for the victims. This study aims to analyze the differences between the normative provisions in Aceh Qanun No. 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law and the reality of its application of sanctions against perpetrators. The research method used is a normative juridical approach combined with conceptual analysis and case studies. The results of the study show that, although the Qanun stipulates strict punishments in the form of flogging, fines, and imprisonment, their implementation still faces obstacles, including disharmony with the Criminal Code, limitations imposed by officials, and the dominance of customary settlements that often harm victims. This study highlights the importance of integrating national, Islamic, and regional laws to optimize child protection. The novelty of this study lies in its critical assessment of the gap while contributing to the strengthening of Islamic criminal law policies and child protection in Indonesia.
Konvergensi Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah dan Prinsip Humaniter Internasional Terhadap Jarimah al-Harbiyyah Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska
Jurnal Al-Jina'i Al-Islami Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Al-Jina'i Al-Islami (June)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jaa.v3i1.2258

Abstract

Abstrak: Perang selalu menghadirkan paradoks antara legitimasi politik dan nilai kemanusiaan. Dalam konteks ini, hukum pidana Islam dan hukum humaniter internasional sama-sama berupaya membatasi kekerasan perang dan melindungi martabat manusia, namun sering kali dipersepsikan berjalan secara terpisah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konvergensi antara maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dan prinsip hukum humaniter internasional dalam konteks jarīmah al-ḥarbiyyah sebagai upaya menemukan dasar filosofis bagi sistem hukum global yang lebih humanis dan berkeadilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach) dengan corak filosofis melalui studi pustaka terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk karya klasik para fuqahā’ serta dokumen hukum internasional seperti Geneva Conventions 1949 dan Additional Protocols 1977. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tujuan syariat dalam melindungi jiwa (ḥifẓ al-nafs) sejalan dengan prinsip humaniter seperti humanity, distinction, dan proportionality, yang menekankan perlindungan harkat manusia dalam perang. Dalam konteks jarimah al-harbiyyah, pelanggaran terhadap norma ini seperti membunuh warga sipil atau menyerang secara tidak proporsional merupakan kegagalan penerapan prinsip moral dan etika yang sama. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan maqāṣidiyyah yang digunakan untuk membangun jembatan epistemologis antara hukum Islam dan hukum humaniter internasional, sekaligus menawarkan paradigma integratif bagi pengembangan hukum global yang inklusif. Kata Kunci: Humaniter, jarimah al-harbiyyah, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah.   Abstract: Written War always presents a paradox between political legitimacy and humanitarian values. In this context, Islamic criminal law and international humanitarian law both seek to limit the violence of war and protect human dignity, but are often perceived as operating separately. This study aims to analyze the convergence between maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah and the principles of international humanitarian law in the context of jarīmah al-ḥarbiyyah as an effort to find a philosophical basis for a more humane and just global legal system. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a philosophical character through a literature review of primary and secondary sources, including the classical works of the fuqahā’ and international legal documents such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols. The results of the study show that the objective of Sharia law in protecting life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) is in line with humanitarian principles such as humanity, distinction, and proportionality, which emphasize the protection of human dignity in war. In the context of jarimah al-harbiyyah, violations of these norms, such as killing civilians or attacking disproportionately, constitute a failure to apply the same moral and ethical principles. The novelty of this research lies in the maqāṣidiyyah approach used to build an epistemological bridge between Islamic law and international humanitarian law, while offering an integrative paradigm for the development of inclusive global law. Keywords: Humanitarian, jarimah al-harbiyyah, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah
CRITICISM OF ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW AGAINST ARTICLE 5 OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF QISHASH PUNISHMENT Salsabila, Adzanah Mariska; Faizal, Enceng Arif; Najmudin, Deden; Pahlevi, Mohamad Syahreza
Hukum Islam Vol 25, No 2 (2025): ISLAMIC LAW
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/hi.v25i2.38792

Abstract

Abstract The application of qishash punishment in Islamic criminal law is often debated because it is considered to be contrary to Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which rejects all forms of cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment. This accusation is certainly misleading because it views qishash only from a symbolic-artificial perspective. The purpose of this study is to interpret Article 5 of the UDHR, analyze the concept of qishash punishment in fiqh jinayah, and critique Article 5 of the UDHR in relation to the application of qishash punishment. This study uses qualitative research with a normative juridical method through a statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach through library research on primary and secondary legal sources, which are then critically analyzed. The results of this study are able to criticize Article 5 of the UDHR with two main arguments, namely, first, qishash is not a cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment; second, there is caution in the application of qishash punishment through various critical theories and logic (evotivism theory, deconstruction theory, logical fallacy, cultural relativism theory, critical human rights theory, and postcolonial theory). The novelty of this research lies in its attempt to critique the human rights perspective on the application of qishash punishment by offering a maqashid al-syari'ah qishash approach, namely qishash as a mechanism for protecting the right to life (hifz al-nafs) as well as a form of substantive and proportional justice. The academic contributions of this research include enriching the study of Islamic criminal law with an integrative perspective, offering a critical analysis of the interpretation of Article 5 of the UDHR, and providing normative references for the development of a more contextual national criminal law.
Co-Authors Faizal, Enceng Arif Najmudin, Deden Pahlevi, Mohamad Syahreza Winalvia, Alya