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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Suraedi, Daral
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Social Sciences

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Sustainable Cement Development Using Palm Oil Boiler Ash: Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluation Suraedi, Daral; Sjah, Jessica; Handika, Nuraziz; Jonbi; Ashari, Ahmad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1188-1197

Abstract

The cement industry significantly contributes to CO2 emissions, releasing approximately 1 ton of CO2 for every ton of cement produced, which accounts for up to 40% of total global industrial emissions. This study aims to mitigate these emissions by utilizing Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA) as a clinker substitute, creating POBA Cement with substitution levels ranging from 10% to 30%. The POBA was sourced from the Cikasungka Palm Oil Plantation in Bogor, Indonesia and underwent analysis using X Ray Fluorescence (XRF) andScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM) to assess its chemical properties and microstructure. The findings revealed a decrease in compressive strength with increased POBA substitution levels; however, it maintained a pozzolanic effect that supported the crystallization process, albeit with a longer setting time compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Notably, the addition of 1% nano-silica was found to enhance compressive strength more effectively than 3%. This research underscores the potential of POBA as an environmentally friendly clinker substitute for sustainable cement production.
Experimental Studies of Compressive Strength of Sustainable Concrete with Partial Cement Substitution Using Palm Oil Boiler Ash Suraedi, Daral; Sjah, Jessica; Handika, Nuraziz; Aulia, Saffanah Fasya; Edwardo, Karmenita Olivia
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical performance of sustainable concrete incorporating Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA) as a partial cement replacement. As the construction sector seeks to reduce CO₂ emissions and manage agro-industrial waste, POBA emerges as a promising supplementary cementitious material due to its pozzolanic potential and abundance in palm oil–producing regions such as Indonesia.Concrete specimens were prepared with POBA substitution levels ranging from approximately 10% to 30% by weight of cement, in combination with nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer to enhance performance. The mix design was developed in accordance with ACI 211 guidelines to maintain comparable workability across all mixtures.Compressive strength was evaluated at 3, 14, 28, and 56 days. Results indicate that while early-age strength decreases with increasing POBA content, an optimal replacement level of 19% demonstrated compressive strength comparable to the control mixture at later ages under the tested mix design conditions. The inclusion of nanosilica, based on prior experimental validation, is considered to have contributed to mitigating early strength reduction and supporting microstructural development. The study concludes that POBA, when applied at an optimal replacement level, can serve as a viable partial cement substitute for structural concrete applications, supporting environmental sustainability and low-carbon infrastructure development.
Co-Authors Ahmad Ashari Aulia, Saffanah Fasya Edwardo, Karmenita Olivia Handika, Nuraziz Jonbi Sjah, Jessica