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All Journal Rubikon: Journal of Transnational American Studies FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Fauzi, Wajid
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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American Power in Syria: Ideology, Sovereignty, and Human Rights in the Perspective of International Law Fauzi, Wajid; Rochani, Ida; Hindun, Hindun
Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v19no3.4554

Abstract

The Syrian crisis, which began in 2011 and continues to influence global politics, offers a key case for examining American power. This article explores the ideological and discursive foundations of U.S. involvement, situating it within American Exceptionalism and analyzing it through a Foucauldian framework. The study combines a normative legal approach with critical discourse analysis, drawing on primary sources such as the UN Charter, Security Council resolutions, and U.S. policy documents, along with secondary literature and think-tank reports. Findings show that U.S. intervention is framed through narratives of democracy promotion, humanitarian protection, and global security, which serve to legitimize action. Using Foucault’s concepts of power/knowledge, governmentality, and biopolitics, the study demonstrates that the U.S. not only exercises military force but also shapes global perceptions and constructs regimes of truth. From a transnational legal perspective, these actions reveal tensions between sovereignty and humanitarian imperatives and highlight gaps and asymmetries in international law. The article is novel in integrating ideology, sovereignty, and human rights to show how U.S. actions in Syria reshape the interpretation and application of international law.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGE IN UNITED STATES POLICY IN THE SYRIAN CRISIS: ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSITION FROM DIPLOMACY TO INTERVENTION Fauzi, Wajid; Rochani Adi, Ida; Hindun, Hindun
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pengkajian Amerika, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v12i2.111358

Abstract

The United States' policy toward the Syrian crisis (2011-2019) was marked by a significant and often inconsistent transition from diplomatic caution to direct military intervention. This article analyzes the dynamics of this policy evolution, moving beyond traditional state-centric explanations to examine the influence of cross-border flows. It argues that the transition was not a linear progression but a reactive and fragmented process driven by the interplay of three key factors: the failure of established international diplomatic mechanisms to resolve the conflict; the transnationalization of the threat landscape with the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS); and the powerful, albeit fluctuating, influence of global media narratives depicting humanitarian atrocities. This study maps the critical junctures that compelled policy recalibration by employing a qualitative process-tracing methodology and discourse analysis of official documents, presidential statements, and media reports. The findings demonstrate that key decisions from the "red line" ultimatum to the initiation of Operation Inherent Resolve were profoundly shaped by forces that transcended national borders, forcing policymakers to react to non-state actors, global information flows, and normative pressures. The research embodies an analytical and process-oriented approach that systematically investigates the evolution of US foreign policy during the Syrian crisis, emphasizing the underlying dynamics that prompted the transition from diplomatic engagement to direct intervention.
Co-Authors Hindun, Hindun Rochani Adi, Ida Rochani, Ida