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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Jurnal Teknokes
Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Design of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for IOT-Based Hypertension Patients Sari, Alvy Noorlatifa; C. N, Priyambada; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Ariswati, Her Gumiwang; T.P., Moch. Prastawa Assalim; Maghfiroh, Anita Miftahul
Jurnal Teknokes Vol. 17 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or ABPM is a non-invasive method to determine the average blood pressure for at least 24 hours, not only when medical checkup. ABPM is often found in cardiac examinations and monitoring of catlab preoperative patients. This study aims to analyze the performance of the ABPM tool that can measure blood pressure continuously with a specified time interval connected to IoT so that can make it easier to get test results. The contribution of this research is a 24 hour monitoring system with delivery via IoT. The experiment was conducted 10 times with Prosim comparison at each point to assess the level of reading accuracy and effectiveness of IoT viewers. At 120/80 mmHg systole accuracy 98.42%, diastole 97.25%. While at 150/100 mmHg systole accuracy is 99.67%, Diastole is 98.1%. At 200/160 mmHg point Systole accuracy 98.35%, Diastole 98.25%. The SPSS test states that the reading data collection is acceptable and has an average commensurate with the test. The difference in viewer time on the TFT and IoT layers is 3.8 seconds and the test data value is 0% loss. The results from making this module, concluding by utilizing the sensor MPX5050 obtained sufficient accuracy, the use of ESP32 as a microcontroller processes the sensor readings which will be converted into systole-diastole values and displays on IoT so that it can slightly help analyze the patient's condition, and this module can read the simulator tool well at pressures of 120/80 mmHg, 150/100 mmHg, and 200/160 mmHg. The device showed good accuracy and reliability in measuring blood pressure at different levels compared to a vital signs simulator. The device can be used for 24-hour monitoring of hypertension patients and provide useful information for diagnosis and treatment.
Monitoring the Occurrence of Alarms in Internet of Things-Based HFNC With Analysis of Signal Increases Before Blockages Error Widyaningtyas, Dwi; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Pudji, Andjar
Jurnal Teknokes Vol. 16 No. 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

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Abstract

HFNC must be closely monitored by nurses to increase the flow rate when the patient's condition worsens. The monitoring occurs every hour to assess the results of HFNC administration. If the patient's condition persists, the flow given to HFNC will be increased. Thus, careful monitoring is essential during oxygen therapy with HFNC to ensure the patient's oxygen dose remains consistent. Despite debates about aerosol side effects, HFNC has proven effective in increasing blood oxygen levels and improving lung performance. This study aims to analyze HFNC errors leading to decreased flow. The research employs a temperature setting of 34ºC and a flow setting of 30-60 LPM. Under a flow setting of 30 LPM, the average pressure value before the error is 0 in process 2, and after the error, it remains 0, indicating a Blockage error as notified by IoT. Similarly, under the same flow setting, the average pressure value before the error is 0 in process 1, and after the error, it remains 0, indicating a leaking error based on the IoT notification and tool condition. The study reveals an average error of 3.8 for Blockage and 1.5 for Leaking conditions. Future research could explore developments such as employing a more sensitive pressure sensor, like the MPX5010DP, and incorporating batteries to enhance the module's portability without the need for a voltage source.
Flatness and Alignment Analysis of Conformity Measuring Instrument Design in X-Ray Modality Hermawan, Aska Putri; Pudji, Andjar; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v5i2.168

Abstract

A surface's verticality or horizontalness can be determined as well as its flatness using a waterpass or spirit level. The alignment and flatness of the X-ray tube and bucky table, which determine the perpendicularity of the X-ray beam, is one of the factors for the Conformance Test, according to PERKA BAPETEN No. 2 of 2018. A traditional waterpass is typically used to obtain that conclusion, but the measurement outcome is still subject to human error because there is no set value. To aim for exact alignment, A digital waterpass using the MPU6050 sensor is made, which produces precise X-Ray images, reduces noise in the form of shadow magnification, and investigates the function of the waterpass in the compliance of the X-Ray unit. Arduino is used as the data processor in this investigation. The output is then shown on an LCD and transmitted over Bluetooth to a computer where it is displayed using Delphi before being saved in Excel. With the deviation standard value of 10 degrees, we have obtained an error value from this research between 2% and 3%, minimum, which is 0.04 for sensor 1 and 0.25 for sensor 2. Sensors 1 and 2 measure 14 degrees at 0.089 and 0.054, respectively. The MPU6050 sensor can be utilized in this study to determine how flat the X-Ray tube and bucky table are about one another. This study's contribution is anticipated to be more effective tool testing, and the data will be kept on file until the next testing session.
Experimental Measurement and Analysis: Collimation and Illumination for Conformity Measuring Instrument Design in X-ray Modality Fajar, Fathul; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Pudji, Andjar; Rizal, Achmad
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v5i2.172

Abstract

Manual illumination and collimation testing can be affected by subjectivity. Human interpretation and judgment in measuring and adjusting illumination and collimation can vary between individuals, potentially resulting in inconsistent results. The aim of this research is to develop the simplest method for measuring illumination at four points simultaneously and directly storing the measurement data. This objective aims to address the subjectivity issues and improve the reliability and consistency of the testing process, which measures illumination at four points simultaneously and stores the measurement data directly. The method of this study was an experimental measurement and analysis that involved capturing illumination and collimation data using a suitable measuring instrument in an X-ray environment. The collected data is then analyzed to evaluate the suitability of the instrument to the established compliance standards. The module is designed using HC-SR04 sensor as a distance meter and TSL2561 sensor as a light meter. This module is designed using HC-SR04 sensor as a distance meter and TSL2561 sensor as a light meter. In this research, the module has been tested and compared with the results of the comparison tool (Digital Light Meter) and obtained an error value of 1.55% with a module efficiency of 98.45% in the illumination test, and an error of 1.8% with a module efficiency of 98.2% in the collimator test. From this research, it can be concluded that the TSL2561 light sensor can be used to measure the illumination area of the collimator lamp. The contribution of this research is expected to be as follows consistent results from tool testing, provides accuracy of results, is more efficient in cost and energy, and the data will be stored until the next testing time.
Utilization of Webcam Cameras as X-Ray Image Capture Based on kV Settings and Shutter Sensors Dwara, Ni Made Wagiswari; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Indrato, Tri Bowo
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 5 No. 3 (2023): August
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v5i3.180

Abstract

The end product of an x-ray image is often a sheet of film. The film must go through chemical processing in order to produce an image. To get around these issues, efforts were undertaken to create digital x-ray detectors utilizing far less expensive gadgets. The aim of this research is to present a study that explores the development of a digital X-ray imaging system using cost-effective sensors, assesses its image quality, and discusses the potential benefits of this technology for capturing X-rays.Utilizing sensors that try to determine the difference in the final image's quality as well as voltage variances. The system may present negative image findings from webcam camera captures that have already passed the image processing process with the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) Application, which is the study's main contribution. With a set mA of 25mA, a period of irradiation of 1 second, and a moderate intensity of illumination light, the measurement ranges employed are 60, 65, and 70 kV. Knowing the value of kv and optimal sensor settings based on image results is the study's goal. The measurement findings demonstrate that the Philip brand DR's picture results and those from the X-ray picture Capture Tool may be compared thanks to the MSE value of 34.8775 and the parameters Phototransistor BPT1331 at 70kV and 25mA. And the LDR, 66kV, 25mA configuration has the lowest MSE value at 61.7615. The study's findings suggest that the gadget can be used to record X-rays.
Antenatal Care Bed For Preeclamsi Early Detection Based on Web System Ramadhan, Fiqih Fahrur; Pudji, Andjar; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Misra, Shubhrojit
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 5 No. 3 (2023): August
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v5i3.181

Abstract

One of the causes of the high maternal mortality rate is dominated by three factors, one of which is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a condition in which the mother experiences hypertension and changes in BMI (Body Mass Index) at the 20th week of gestation. Preeclampsia indications in pregnant women are related to examinations, namely Antenatal care (ANC). Antenatal care is one of the prenatal checks with certain standards. Pregnant women need extra antenatal supervision from health workers. Preeclampsia detection carried out in health care facilities is currently considered to be still not optimal so that there are still many cases of preeclampsia that are not handled properly. A web-based ANC test is one of the ways that services for pregnant women may be improved. To make NIBP and BMI data supplied and received by IoT media helpful for the diagnostic procedure, this study will evaluate them. Knowing the reaction of NIBP and BMI data provided and received over IoT medium is the contribution of this research. The MPX5050 sensor and Loadcell, whose output will be processed and presented on a web page, will be used in the technique to accomplish this purpose. Although the largest error value was -5.4 at the measurement point of 150 mmHg at diastole, it can be argued that the measurement findings for the NIBP parameter are plausible. Overall NIBP measures, however can be considered practicable and can be used to human measurements. Additionally, the weight parameter measurement data have an error value of 0.19328%. From this study, it can be inferred that transmitting IoT-based NIBP and BMI data has an impact on received lost data or delays. The findings from this study are expected to be developed in further research.
Development and Evaluation of a Webcam-Based Digital X-Ray Machine Detector with Variable Current and Light Intensity Settings Narendra, Revindo Prima Sulthon; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Triwiyanto, Triwiyanto; Nimir, Yassin
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 5 No. 4 (2023): November
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v5i4.188

Abstract

X-ray images typically appear as film sheets upon development after undergoing chemical processing. To address these challenges, endeavors were undertaken to create digital X-ray detectors utilizing more cost-effective equipment. This approach involves harnessing variations in current and light intensity to discern disparities in image quality. The noteworthy contribution of this study lies in its ability to exhibit inverted images captured through webcam cameras, subject to prior image processing via the MATLAB application. The utilized measurement ranges encompass 20, 32, and 40 mA, while maintaining a fixed irradiation duration of 1 second and varying the illumination intensity across low, medium, and high levels at a constant 60kV setting. The obtained measurements reveal that the X-Ray Image Capture Device can be juxtaposed with images produced by the Philip brand Digital Radiography, evaluated through the acquired Mean Squared Error (MSE) values. The best picture in this experiment is using system parameter settings with kv of 60kV, 20mA and with low light intensity, and using the PH101 phototransitor. Conversely, the least favorable image records an MSE value of 66.4552p^2 under 60kV 20mA conditions, employing the PH101 Phototransistor sensor and high light intensity. In summary, the outcomes of this study indicate the efficacy of the tool in capturing X-ray images.
Design of Vital Sign Monitor with ECG, BPM, and Respiration Rate Parameters Oka, Gede Aditya Mahendra; Pudji, Andjar; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): February
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v3i1.197

Abstract

Vital sign monitor is a device used to monitor a patient's vital sign, in the form of a heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure, temperature of the heart's pulse form continuously. Condition monitoring in patients is needed so that paramedics know the development of the condition of inpatients who are experiencing a critical period. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal produced by the electrical activity of the heart. Recording heart activity can be used to analyze how the characteristics of the heart. By obtaining respiration from outpatient electrocardiography, which is increasingly being used clinically to practice to detect and characterize the abnormal occurrence of heart electrical behavior during normal daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine that the value of the Repiration Rate is taken from ECG signals because of its solidity. At the peak of the R ECG it has several respiratory signals such as signals in fluctuations. An ECG can be used to determine breathing numbers. This module utilizes leads ECG signals to 1 lead, namely lead 2, respiration rate taken from the ECG, BPM in humans displayed on a TFT LCD. This research module utilizes the use of filters to obtain ECG signals, and respiration rates to display the results on a TFT LCD. This module has the highest error value of 0.01% compared to the Phantom EKG tool. So this module can be used for the diagnosis process
Design of Two Channel Infusion Pump Analyzer Using Photo Diode Detector Syaifudin , Syaifudin; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha; Luthfiyah, Sari; Sumber, Sumber
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v3i2.207

Abstract

In the medical world, patient safety is a top priority. The large number of workloads and the frequency of using the devices in the long run will affect the accuracy and accuracy of the tool. If the flow rate and volume of the syringe pump or infusion pump given to the patient are not controlled (overdose or the fluid flow rate is too high) it can cause hypertension, heart failure or pulmonary edema. Therefore, it is necessary to have a calibration, which is an application activity to determine the correctness of the designation of the measuring instrument or measuring material. The purpose of this research is to make a two channel infusion device analyzer using a photodiode sensor. The contribution of this research is that the system can display three calibration results in one measurement at the same setting and can calibrate 2 tools simultaneously. The design of the module is in the form of an infrared photodiode sensor for reading the flowrate value. This study uses an infrared photodiode sensor for channels 1 and 2 installed in the chamber. This study uses a flow rate formula that is applied to the water level system to obtain 3 calibration results. Infrared photodiode sensor will detect the presence of water flowing in the chamber from an infusion or syringe pump. Then the sensor output will be processed by STM32 and 3 calibration results will be displayed on the 20x4 LCD. This tool has an average error value on channel 1 of 3.50% and on channel 2 of 3.39%. It can be concluded that the whole system can work well, the placement and distance between the infrared photodiodes also affects the sensor readings
Design of Vital Sign Monitor with ECG, BPM, and Respiration Rate Parameters Oka, Gede Aditya Mahendra; Pudji, Andjar; Mak’ruf, Muhammad Ridha
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v2i1.257

Abstract

Vital sign monitor is a device used to monitor a patient's vital sign, in the form of a heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure, temperature of the heart's pulse form continuously. Condition monitoring in patients is needed so that paramedics know the development of the condition of inpatients who are experiencing a critical period. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal produced by the electrical activity of the heart. Recording heart activity can be used to analyze how the characteristics of the heart. By obtaining respiration from outpatient electrocardiography, which is increasingly being used clinically to practice to detect and characterize the abnormal occurrence of heart electrical behavior during normal daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine that the value of the Repiration Rate is taken from ECG signals because of its solidity. At the peak of the R ECG it has several respiratory signals such as signals in fluctuations. An ECG can be used to determine breathing numbers. This module utilizes leads ECG signals to 1 lead, namely lead 2, respiration rate taken from the ECG, BPM in humans displayed on a TFT LCD. This research module utilizes the use of filters to obtain ECG signals, and respiration rates to display the results on a TFT LCD. This module has the highest error value of 0.01% compared to the Phantom EKG tool. So this module can be used for the diagnosis process.
Co-Authors Achmad Rizal Anita Miftahul Maghfiroh Ariswati, Her Gumiwang C. N, Priyambada Dwara, Ni Made Wagiswari Fajar, Fathul Hermawan, Aska Putri Indrato, Tri Bowo Luthfiyah, Sari Misra, Shubhrojit Narendra, Revindo Prima Sulthon Nimir, Yassin Oka, Gede Aditya Mahendra Oka, I Komang Yogi Mahardika Pudji, Andjar Ramadhan, Fiqih Fahrur Sari, Alvy Noorlatifa Sumber, Sumber Syaifudin , Syaifudin T.P., Moch. Prastawa Assalim Widyaningtyas, Dwi