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All Journal Universa Medicina Journal of Current Health Sciences
Alam, Fahadul
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Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Bortezomib in multiple myeloma management Iqbal, Hrishik; Islam, Mohammad Nazmul; Chakravarthi, Srikumar; Jamali, Mohammad Chand; Mahedi, Rezwan Ahmed; Afrin, Sadia; Pujita Roy; Alam, Fahadul; Reza, Md.Shajalal; Syrmos, Νikolaos
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.%p

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells, leading to complications such as bone lesions, renal dysfunction, and immune suppression. Over the past three decades, its incidence has risen significantly, attributed to factors such as aging populations and improved diagnostic methods. Treatment strategies have evolved considerably, transitioning from alkylating agents and high-dose chemotherapy to targeted therapies, including proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Bortezomib, a first-in-class PI, has revolutionized MM management by inhibiting proteasome activity, thereby inducing apoptosis in malignant plasma cells. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of bortezomib, both as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone, IMiDs, and conventional chemotherapies. Key clinical trials, such as VISTA and SUMMIT, demonstrate its superiority over traditional regimens, improving response rates and survival outcomes. However, its use is associated with adverse effects, including peripheral neuropathy, hematologic toxicities, and gastrointestinal disturbances, necessitating dose modifications and supportive care. Emerging combinations with monoclonal antibodies and novel agents further enhance therapeutic potential, though optimal sequencing remains under investigation. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane to identify relevant studies on the applications of bortezomib. The search was inclusive of all publications up to May 2025, without restriction by publication year, to ensure a thorough review of research on bortezomib. Studies focusing on multiple myeloma (MM) and the efficacy of bortezomib were prioritized. A broad set of keywords was employed reflecting the diverse applications of bortezomib in MM treatment. The search strategy was designed to capture a wide range of relevant studies. By synthesizing evidence from 77 studies, this review highlights bortezomib’s pivotal role in MM treatment while addressing challenges in toxicity management. Future research should focus on refining combination strategies and minimizing side effects to maximize long-term patient outcomes.
Situation Report of Clinical and Climatic Pattern Changes in Dengue Outbreaks in Bangladesh 2024–2025 Hossain, Tanvir; Chayan, Famous Uddin; Iqbal, Hrishik; Alam, Fahadul; Syrmos, Nikolaos
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 4: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025137

Abstract

Dengue is still a big public health problem in Bangladesh, and the number of cases has risen rapidly in the last several years.  This review integrates epidemiological, clinical, and environmental data to clarify the determinants contributing to the country's dengue crisis.  A systematic literature search from 2001 to 2025 was carried out using PubMed and the Cochrane Library, resulting in 50 pertinent papers regarding dengue epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and health effects in Bangladesh.  The first report of dengue was in 1960, and the first epidemic was in 2000.  Dengue has since become endemic, with huge outbreaks in 2019 (101,354 cases; 164 deaths) and a terrible peak in 2023 (321,179 hospitalizations; 1,705 deaths).  Aedes aegypti has had good reproduction conditions because of changing weather, rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and fast, unplanned urbanization.  Epidemiological changes encompass ongoing year-round transmission, an increase in secondary infections attributable to several serotypes, and a geographical spread from urban Dhaka to semi-urban and rural areas, including the Cox’s Bazar refugee camps.  In clinical practice, patients are increasingly diagnosed with atypical or "expanded dengue syndrome," and mortality is closely linked to shock and subsequent infections.  The expenses to society for each incidence are high, averaging US$479 in urban Dhaka.  People who are more likely to get sick or have mental health problems are youngsters, pregnant women, and the elderly.  Evidence shows that climate change and urbanization are working together to lengthen the dengue season, make epidemics worse, and put a load on Bangladesh's healthcare system.  To lessen the growing threat, it is important to improve surveillance, vector management, and investment in healthcare resilience.  
Co-Authors Afrin, Sadia Chakravarthi, Srikumar Chayan, Famous Uddin Hossain, Tanvir Iqbal, Hrishik Islam, Mohammad Nazmul Jamali, Mohammad Chand Mahedi, Rezwan Ahmed Pujita Roy Reza, Md.Shajalal Syrmos, Nikolaos Syrmos, Νikolaos