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All Journal International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora
Reza, Muhammad Fahmi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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KAIDAH TENTANG PERNIKAHAN AHLU ZIMMAH Reza, Muhammad Fahmi; Adly, Mhd Amar; Firmansyah, Heri
Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 8 (2024): Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora
Publisher : Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.572349/kultura.v2i8.2244

Abstract

Umat Islam dan bukan Islam sering merasa takut dengan undang-undang Islam yang selalu diberi label yang negatif. Banyak pihak yang menganggap bahwa penerapan hukum Islam terhadap non-Muslim hanya akan berakhir dengan kekejaman, kerusuhan, pertumpahan darah, perpecahan dan sebagainya. Muncul ketakutan di kalangan non-Muslim seolah-olah hidup di bawah naungan hukum Islam akan menjadi titik awal kehancuran kehidupan mereka. Di dunia Islam, umat Islam ditakutkan lagi dengan langkah-langkah keras yang diambil oleh pemimpin di dalam menangani aktivis Muslim yang menyerukan penerapan hukum syariat Islam. Untuk memberikan gambaran yang jernih tentang keadaan orang-orang kafir dalam Negara Islam, harus dijelaskan kepada umat Muslim ataupun non-Muslim, bagaimanakah Negara Islam memperlakukan orang-orang non-Muslim yang berada di dalamnya. Begitu pula dengan kaidah yang menjelaskan tengang pernikahan ahlu zimmah. Untuk itu kaidah yang jelas juga harus di pahami demi menegakkan hukum yang berlaku. Tiga kaidah yang di paparkan menunjukkan hukum pernikahan ahlu zimmah. Makalah ini akan mengungkapkan bagaimana kaidah tentang pernikahan ahlu zimmah dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan berbagai sumber yang dihasilkan dengan metode normatif atau Library research ataupun yang disebut dengan studi kepustakaan berdasarkan data primer dan sekunder dari buku, jurnal, Al-qur’an, hadist dll.
Fabrication and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Bioplastic Film Based on Chitosan from Cassava Peel Starch Reza, Muhammad Fahmi; Irfan, Akhmad; Hakim, M Furqon; Wicaksono, Kristya Hadi; Panse, Vishal R.; Shukla, Alok
International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability
Publisher : CV FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/ijhes.v4i3.791

Abstract

Bioplastics are renewable materials capable of natural degradation and can be synthesized using bio-organic compounds such as cellulose, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and glycerol. Cassava peels, an agricultural byproduct, are a rich source of starch and cellulose, making them a promising raw material for bioplastic production. This study aims to fabricate and characterize chitosan-based bioplastic films using cassava peel starch, with a focus on optimizing their mechanical and biodegradation properties. Bioplastic films were prepared by combining cassava peel starch, chitosan, CMC, and glycerol, with chitosan concentrations varied at 45% and 75%. The films were evaluated for surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption capacity, and biodegradability. SEM analysis revealed that chitosan concentration significantly influenced the film morphology, which in turn affected mechanical and swelling properties. The highest tensile strength (0.07 MPa) and elongation (22.5%) were observed in films with 75% chitosan. Water absorption peaked at 93.32% for the same formulation. Biodegradability tests showed complete degradation (100%) within 12 days for films with 45% chitosan. These findings demonstrate that cassava peel starch combined with chitosan can produce biodegradable films with tunable properties, offering a sustainable alternative for packaging and other applications.
Co-Authors Adly, Mhd Amar Hakim, M Furqon Heri Firmansyah Irfan, Akhmad Panse, Vishal R. Shukla, Alok Wicaksono, Kristya Hadi