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Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Potential of Mychorrizal Biological Fertilizer and Green Beens Intercroping in Increasing The Yield and Anthocyanin of Glutinous Corn Pratiwi, Novilian; Fauzi, Taufik; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 2 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i2.5344

Abstract

Purple corn is one of the varieties that are widely developed in Thailand and America. Purple corn has a high anthocyanin content so it has potential as an antioxidant. The disadvantage of anthocyanins is that they have low stability depending on sunlight and nitrogen. Data analysis methods are carried out descriptively with literature studies, namely; 1) choose articles that are relevant and in accordance with the theme of writing; 2) conduct qualitative analysis; 3) compile articles. Based on the results of previous studies, it can be seen that the protein content of corn superimposed with orok-orok plants continues to increase and the highest content is in the treatment of 2-row planting patterns, which is 14.42%. The application of mycorrhizal fertilizer as much as 5 g can increase the protein content of sorghum which is 10.75% compared to control (without mycorrhiza) which is 9.10%. Intercropping and mycorrhiza can be the right solution to increase anthocyanin content because they are able to fix N and help absorb N into plants properly and do not cause adverse effects on the environment.
Potential of Black Rice Mutants (M4) Through Genetic Parameters to Develop Superior Drought-Resistant Varieties Irmayani, Irmayani; Fauzi, Taufik; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut; Mulyati, Mulyati; Suwardji, Suwardji
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7208

Abstract

Rice plays an important role in meeting carbohydrate requirement and calorie needs to ensure food security. However, in recent years, rice productivity has decreased due to land conversion and climate change such as El Niño. The productivity of drought-resistant rice can be increased through breeding. Genetic diversity and heritability are important genetic parameters in the plant breeding process. Information about genetic diversity and heritability helps determine genetic progress through selection. This research aims to examine the potential genetic diversity and heritability of several mutant lines (M4) of black rice (G10) in order to develop superior rice varieties that are adaptive to dry land. In this research, we used experimental methods using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), calculating the value of the Genetic Diversity Coefficient (GDC) and heritability between quantitative characters. The results of narrow genetic research were found in the characteristics of the number of productive tillers and weight of 100 grains, while high heritability was found in the characters of plant height, moderate heritability was found in the total number of tillers, panicle length, number of empty grains per panicle, and weight of 100 grains. Overall, this research succeeded in identifying mutant lines (M4) of black rice (G10) which have the potential to be developed into superior varieties, especially for cultivation in dry land.
Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Overcome Drought Stress and Low Nutrient Availability in Dryland Farming Yunita, Mira; Fauzi, Taufik; Suwardji, Suwardji; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut; Mulyati, Mulyati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7209

Abstract

There is an increasing rate of land conversion in Indonesia that can threaten food self-sufficiency. Therefore farmers and the government must expand agriculture by developing agriculture on potential available lands such as drylands. However, drylands in Indonesia have low productivity due to low water and nutrient availability. This article aims to determine the potential use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to overcome drought stress and low nutrient availability in drylands. The method used in writing this article is a desk literature study conducted by collecting data from various sources, such as scientific journals, seminar proceedings, and online reports available in related government office in West Nusatenggara Province. The data obtained were then analyzed qualitatively by identifying, reviewing, and synthesizing information to produce a complete and comprehensive explanation. The results of the literature study showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have the potential to overcome drought stress and low nutrient availability in drylands. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be a sustainable solution to increase agricultural productivity in drylands.
Potential UV (Ultra Violete) Plastic Shade in Increasing Soil Fertility and Controlling Whitefly Pest in Dry Land Husni, Ika Rauhul; Fauzi, Taufik; Suwardji, Suwardji; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut; Mulyati, Mulyati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7210

Abstract

The whitefly is a pest that frequently infests cultivated plants, causing both direct and indirect damage that can significantly reduce crop yields. In addition to whitefly infestations, declining soil fertility is another factor that can lead to decreased production. One potential solution to these issues is the use of UV plastic shade. This method can help reduce the population of whitefly pests. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of UV plastic shade in enhancing soil fertility and reducing whitefly presence in arid regions. The research methodology employed is descriptive, utilizing a literature review of sources such as scientific articles, books, journals, discussions, and previous research findings. UV plastic shade has been found to increase the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, thereby promoting soil fertility and plant growth. Additionally, UV plastic shade can reduce whitefly populations in dry areas by disrupting their life cycle and behavior.
The Potential of Providing Chicken Manure in Improving Soil Health in Dry Lands Safta, Laila; Fauzi, Taufik; Suwardji, Suwardji; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut; Mulyati, Mulyati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7211

Abstract

Despite having a considerable potential area, the optimal utilization of dry land is challenging due to the generally low soil moisture content and fertility of dry land in Indonesia. This is evidenced by the intrinsically low organic matter content in dryland soils. Therefore, this article aims to provide information on the potential application of chicken manure to enhance soil fertility and health or to rehabilitate suboptimal dry lands in Indonesia. The methodology used in this article is qualitative, based on a literature review. One approach to improving the condition of dry land in Indonesia is the application of chicken manure, which acts as a soil conditioner and enhances overall soil fertility and health. The results of the study indicate that using chicken manure on dry land can increase crop production, thereby positively correlating with the profits of dry-land farmers.
Potential Combination of Phytoremediation Plants and Compost in Remediation of Hg in Ex-Gold Mine Soil Contaminated Mercury (Hg) Amri, Amarrusli Ali; Fauzi, Taufik; Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut; Mulyati, Mulyati; Suwardji, Suwardji
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7243

Abstract

Heavy metal mercury pollution in the environment can have negative impacts on both surrounding ecosystems and human health. Sources of mercury pollution often come from mining activities, particularly from many unlicensed gold mines (PETI) that use the mercury amalgamation method to extract gold. Due to the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic nature of mercury, contamination in the soil has increased. One effort to reduce mercury toxicity is the application of absorption methods using phytoremediation plants and compost as regulating factors. The aim of this study is to review sources of information related to the use of phytoremediation plants and the application of compost as remediators to clean mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil. To reduce levels of heavy metal contamination, plants employ five phytoremediation mechanisms: phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, phyto degradation, and phytovolatilization. Therefore, selecting hyperaccumulator plants that have the ability to accumulate mercury (Hg) at levels 100 times higher than ordinary plants is crucial for effective remediation. Additionally, the use of compost as a source of organic material can enhance mercury mobility. The addition of organic materials such as compost can increase C organic content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and Hg-chelate formation, thereby maximizing mercury absorption by plants. This combination has a positive impact on reducing mercury levels in the soil and is environmentally safe.
Co-Authors Amri, Amarrusli Ali Fauzi, Taufik Husni, Ika Rauhul Irmayani Irmayani Mulyati Mulyati Pratiwi, Novilian Safta, Laila Suwardji Yunita, Mira