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Influence of Elevation on Growth Performance and Root Traits of 2-Year-Old Terminalia copelandii in Sukau, Kinabatangan, Sabah Khatta, Aida Nabihah M; Nanak, Ag Syahmil Qyusairi Ag; Dumil, Haverdly; Thabet, Thamer Abdulrahman; Wakimin, Nur Fadzlunnisaa’; Kelvin, Pang Kat Nyen; Chen, Si; Terhem, Razak; Hassan, Affendy
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i1.1250

Abstract

Terminalia copelandii is a native, fast-growing tree with potential for forest restoration and agroforestry in Sabah. There is a limited understanding of the effects of elevation on the growth and below-ground root strategies of smallholder farms. This paper examines growth patterns and underground structure of two-year-old T. copelandii grown at different altitudes in Sukau, Kinabatangan, Sabah. Tree height (TH) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured at a hilly site and a lowland site. A completely randomized design with three experimental units per site was used. Root traits assessed included specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), and root biomass (RB). Roots were extracted at soil depths of 25 cm, 75 cm, 125 cm, and 175 cm and analyzed using an independent t-test at a 5% significance level. Results showed significantly better growth at the lowland site (TH: 4.77 m; DBH: 12.58 cm) than the hilly site (TH: 1.87 m; DBH: 6.48 cm). SRL and RLD were similar at shallow depths but increased at 175 cm in the lowland site. The hilly site showed greater root biomass accumulation, although the difference was not statistically significant. These results demonstrate how elevation-induced environmental factors affect above-ground and below-ground performance, promoting forest restoration and agroforestry strategies for this valuable species. Keywords: fast growing species, forest plantation, root biomass, root phenotyping, Terminalia copelandii
The Pedagogical Reformulation of International Human Rights Law Education in Asia: Where Tradition Meets Innovation Chen, Si
Indonesian Journal of International Law Vol. 20, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This article explores the feasibility, challenges, and directions for pedagogical reformulation to make international human rights law compelling for Asian law students. Pedagogies are crucial for improving students’ learning effectiveness, achieving the goal of legal education, and supporting students in their career plans. The article underlines that traditional lecture-based pedagogy is insufficient to prepare law students for human rights-related international professional careers. This article argues that pedagogies in international human rights law education need to be reformulated for a better future for legal education in Asia. It builds on three sets of sources concerning teaching, researching, and practicing international law in an era of globalization: (a) an extensive literature review on legal education in the global context; (b) a close engagement with emerging literature on innovative pedagogies in legal education; and (c) the author’s personal experience at law schools and international organizations in Asia, Europe, and North America. The article showcases the ongoing pedagogical reformulation in legal education through examples in and outside Asia. It identifies two alternative pedagogies for international law education in Asia: the flipped classroom method and the problem-based learning method. Furthermore, this article develops a four-step framework for problem-based learning in a flipped international human rights law classroom. The proposed pedagogical reformulation challenges the well-established traditional pedagogical approach in the global context. However, the reformulation is not only desirable but also necessary and rewarding to foster a better future for international law education in Asia.