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The validity of the mobile gamification in economic subject Zainal Adnan, Mohd Zaim; Abd Majid, Mohamad Zuber; Mafarja, Nofouz; Wakimin, Nur Fadzlunnisaa’; Mohamad, Maslawati
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v14i4.30341

Abstract

Mobile gamification has shown growing adoption in education, demonstrating potential to enhance engagement and learning outcomes. This study addresses challenges in economics education, including moderate student achievement, reliance on teachers, and lack of student motivation. To tackle these issues, a mobile gamification tool was developed for secondary school economics. The study’s objective was to validate the content and educational relevance of this tool. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-method design, the research comprised two phases. First, focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with seven economics and technology experts to assess the tool’s interface and educational content. In the second phase, a content validity index (CVI) assessment quantified expert agreement on five key content areas. Results indicated a high level of expert consensus, with CVI values ranging from 0.87 to 1.00. These findings demonstrate that the gamified mobile tool is a valid educational resource that aligns with curriculum standards and can enhance student engagement in economics. The study concludes that mobile gamification is an effective strategy to support Economics education, encouraging self-directed learning and classroom interaction.
Influence of Elevation on Growth Performance and Root Traits of 2-Year-Old Terminalia copelandii in Sukau, Kinabatangan, Sabah Khatta, Aida Nabihah M; Nanak, Ag Syahmil Qyusairi Ag; Dumil, Haverdly; Thabet, Thamer Abdulrahman; Wakimin, Nur Fadzlunnisaa’; Kelvin, Pang Kat Nyen; Chen, Si; Terhem, Razak; Hassan, Affendy
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i1.1250

Abstract

Terminalia copelandii is a native, fast-growing tree with potential for forest restoration and agroforestry in Sabah. There is a limited understanding of the effects of elevation on the growth and below-ground root strategies of smallholder farms. This paper examines growth patterns and underground structure of two-year-old T. copelandii grown at different altitudes in Sukau, Kinabatangan, Sabah. Tree height (TH) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured at a hilly site and a lowland site. A completely randomized design with three experimental units per site was used. Root traits assessed included specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), and root biomass (RB). Roots were extracted at soil depths of 25 cm, 75 cm, 125 cm, and 175 cm and analyzed using an independent t-test at a 5% significance level. Results showed significantly better growth at the lowland site (TH: 4.77 m; DBH: 12.58 cm) than the hilly site (TH: 1.87 m; DBH: 6.48 cm). SRL and RLD were similar at shallow depths but increased at 175 cm in the lowland site. The hilly site showed greater root biomass accumulation, although the difference was not statistically significant. These results demonstrate how elevation-induced environmental factors affect above-ground and below-ground performance, promoting forest restoration and agroforestry strategies for this valuable species. Keywords: fast growing species, forest plantation, root biomass, root phenotyping, Terminalia copelandii