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Education and Economic Growth in Morocco: what’s new through Vector AutoRegressif (VAR) approach? Fikri, Yahya; Rhalma, Mohamed; Rifqi, Husni Muhamad
Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/grtss.v2i1.435

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to investigate This study examines the connection between Morocco's economic growth (EG) and education from 1990 to 2023 using a Vector AutoRegressif (VAR) approach. The primary inquiry is whether education and economic growth (EG) are related in the short and long term. The World Bank provided the data, which includes significant attributes like economic growth (EG) and education. The goal of this research is to increase understanding of Morocco's development factors by illuminating the relationship between economic growth and education. It also aims to improve the conversation about the effectiveness of fiscal policy considering socioeconomic shifts. As a result, we can formulate the following issue: What connection exists, in the Moroccan context, between economic growth and education? In conclusion, each nation, like Morocco, may offer unique and inspiring solutions to the problems of the modern world, which call for a careful but daring approach. Morocco is a prime example of how to strike a balance between tradition and progress while actively engaging in the most important debates of our time, balancing cultural heritage and innovation, local concerns and global perspectives.
Collaborative Governance and Employee Engagement in Cross Sector Organizations: Evidence from East Java Malau, Grace Carolina; Wang, Tz-Li; Fikri, Yahya
Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/grtss.v2i2.488

Abstract

This study investigates how collaborative governance quality influences employee engagement and perceived collaborative performance through collaborative leadership, role clarity across organizations, and inter-organizational trust. The study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 332 government employees involved in inter-organizational collaboration across provincial and district-level government organizations in East Java between March and May 2025. The proposed research model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to examine direct and mediating relationships among the constructs. The findings show that collaborative governance quality has a strong positive effect on collaborative leadership and significant indirect effects on role clarity and inter-organizational trust. Collaborative leadership significantly enhances both role clarity and trust, which in turn positively influence employee engagement. Employee engagement emerges as the most proximate and powerful predictor of perceived collaborative performance. Mediation analysis indicates that governance quality affects engagement and performance primarily through leadership, role clarity, and trust rather than through direct effects. This study extends collaborative governance theory by integrating leadership and human resource management perspectives, offering a micro-level explanation of how governance arrangements shape employee engagement and performance.