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All Journal Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Farsyah, Muhammad Athar
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Determinants of non-prescription antibiotic use and knowledge gaps in Indonesia: findings from the Indonesian Health Survey 2023 Kusumaratna, Rina; Farsyah, Muhammad Athar
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i10.20658

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the key determinants influencing non-prescription antibiotic use and identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia, based on the 2023 National Health Survey (SKI 2023). Using national data, the research examines education, healthcare access, gender, and age-related trends, comparing these trends across rural and urban populations. Methods: The study utilizes SKI 2023 national data to analyze antibiotic usage patterns and examine trends related to education, healthcare access, public awareness, gender, and age. A comparative analysis of urban and rural areas reveals disparities, with Pearson Chi-Square and Multinomial Logistic Regression tests applied at p≤0.05 for statistical significance. Results: The study shows that lower education levels are significantly associated with higher antibiotic misuse (p<0.001). Younger individuals and males also tend to misuse antibiotics more frequently and have lower knowledge levels (p<0.001). In urban areas, 58.4% of males and 54.3% of females report using antibiotics without a prescription. Limited access to healthcare is also significantly linked to increased self-medication (p<0.001). Additionally, 73.5% of respondents hold misconceptions about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), underscoring the urgent need for improved public awareness and education. Conclusion: According to the Indonesian Health Survey 2023, non-prescription antibiotic use is more prevalent among individuals with lower educational attainment, younger age, male gender, urban residence, and limited access to healthcare. To address this issue, public policies should prioritize health education, school-based awareness programs, improved access to healthcare, and stricter regulation of antibiotic sales.
Anemia Berat pada Pembawa Sifat Thalasemia dengan Tuberkulosis Peritoneal: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Salsabila, Diva Azura; Farsyah, Muhammad Athar; Amelia, Ade; Fadilah, Tubagus Ferdi
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/JBiomedKes.2025.v8.350-358

Abstract

Thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobin disorders characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of globin chains, leading to varying degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic anemia. Thalassemia trait is usually regarded as a benign carrier state, often presenting with mild, asymptomatic microcytic anemia that does not require transfusion. In contrast, tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that commonly causes anemia of chronic disease through persistent inflammation, cytokine-mediated bone marrow suppression, and hepcidin-driven disturbances in iron metabolism. When these two conditions coexist, the resulting anemia may be more severe than expected from either condition alone.This report describes a unique case in which thalassemia is complicated by peritoneal tuberculosis, resulting in an unusually severe anemic state not typical for a carrier. A 15-year-old female receiving ongoing treatment for peritoneal tuberculosis presented with severe anemia (hemoglobin 7.43 g/dL). Physical examination revealed classic thalassemia signs, including facies cooley and splenomegaly. Laboratory findings confirmed severe microcytic, hypochromic anemia, and HPLC analysis showed elevated HbF and Hb Bart's, consistent with a thalassemia trait. The patient was managed with packed red cell (PRC) transfusions and folic acid, which successfully resolved the acute symptoms. As a conclusion, the severe anemia in this patient was likely due to multifactorial causes: an underlying thalassemia trait compounded by anemia of chronic disease (ACD) from tuberculosis. This case highlights the critical need to investigate comorbidities in thalassemia carriers with atypical presentations.
Co-Authors Amelia, Ade Kusumaratna, Rina Salsabila, Diva Azura Tubagus Ferdi Fadilah, Tubagus Ferdi