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All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Udoh, Mary Athanasius
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Achyranthes aspera Leaves on Antiretroviral Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Oteng, Joseph; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5183

Abstract

Achyranthes aspera leaves are believed to reverse drug resistance and increase the efficacy of current drugs. Achyranthes aspera leaves contain many secondary metabolites needed for the redressal of diseases and ailment. Thus, the ART-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group A (no antiretroviral drugs, no extract); group B (antiretroviral drugs alone); group C (extract alone); group D (antiretroviral drug plus 40 mg/kg extract); group E (antiretroviral drug plus 80 mg/kg extract). All treatment lasted for twenty-eight days. Blood samples were collescted and serum ALT and AST determined using UV-spectrophotometer. The mean (± S.E.M) of data were calculated and further analysed for statistical significance using graph Pad Prism 5.0. Results: Mean serum ALT were 36.8 ± 20.24, 56.11 ± 6.12, 54.6 ± 24.18, 90.40 ± 11.14, 88.36 ± 13.10 and that of AST were 143.8 ± 20.24, 208.4 ± 16.13, 60.0 ± 24.18, 164.40 ± 11.14, 52.36 ± 16.14 for groups A, B, C, D, and E respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of serum AST for group B and those for group C. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the ALT values for the test and control groups of rats (p value >0.999) Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of AST for group B and those of groups A, D, E. Conclusions: This extract at a higher concentration should add to the treatment of HIV in synergy with antiviral drugs, However, the extract shown no significant reduction of serum ALT and AST in ART treated rats.
Effect of Sun-Drying and Oven-Drying Processing Methods on the Chemical Composition of Bitter Leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Ijezie, Augustina Elochukwu; Abah, Scholastica Ene; Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Mohammed, Kulu Sanda
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7903

Abstract

Leafy vegetables, commonly consumed as edible plant shoots, are rich sources of macro- and micronutrients. Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves) is a widely consumed vegetable in Nigeria, especially among the Igbo community, where drying—either by sun or oven—is a prevalent preservation method that also enhances taste. This study investigates the effects of sun-drying and oven-drying on the chemical composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Approximately 2.5 kg of fresh leaves were purchased from Watt Market, Calabar (South-South Nigeria), destalked, and divided into three equal portions. One portion was used as a control (fresh, unprocessed), while the other two were subjected to one-month drying treatments—sun-drying and oven-drying—before being pulverized into flours, sealed in airtight containers, and stored under cool, dry conditions. Standard analytical procedures were employed to assess proximate composition, elemental content, and phytochemical properties. Results revealed that both drying methods significantly reduced moisture content, leading to an increase in dry matter. Notably, the sun-dried samples showed increased ash (6.32 ± 0.02% vs. 2.45 ± 0.02% in control) and crude protein (6.23 ± 0.02% vs. 5.40 ± 0.1%), while oven-dried samples exhibited elevated crude fat (3.33 ± 0.2%), crude fibre (14.30 ± 0.1%), and carbohydrate content (52.10 ± 0.01%) compared to the control. Conversely, drying led to reductions in vitamin levels, mineral content, antinutrients, and food toxicants. These findings indicate that drying improves the nutritional density of macronutrients while decreasing potentially harmful components, thus enhancing the digestibility and safety of the leaves. The study concludes that sun and oven-drying are effective preservation techniques that significantly influence the nutritional profile of Vernonia amygdalina, with important implications for food security and dietary quality.
Co-Authors Abah, Scholastica Ene Abdulkadir, Rasheedat Absalom, Augustine Abubakar, Auwal Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akem, Ingwu Joseph Asare, Solomon Ossom Bulama, Ahmed Abdu Dambazau, Zainab Bello Ekuma, Agantem Emmanuel Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Frank, Otashu Kenneth Ijezie, Augustina Elochukwu Kingsley, Victoria Intimate Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mohammed, Kulu Sanda Mona, Etah Hope Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Ngwu, Faith Amarachi Okang, Ogar Fonne Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Onah, Daniel Oche Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham Oteng, Joseph Philip, Shadrach Shehu, Amina Jummai Tahidu, Issifu Takon, Mary Bondick Tansaba, Akafa Andes Umaru, Isaac John Umeh, Chukwunonso John-Cyril Umo, Anthony Nathaniel Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle