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All Journal Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah
Balqis, Raudha
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Dari Bilateral hingga Multilateral: Evolusi dan Implikasi Perjanjian Internasional dalam Tatanan Dunia Modern Balqis, Raudha; Elyana, Lulu Indah; Anggraini, Lola; Ihsani, Dini; Rahmadani, Fitria
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/innovative.v4i4.14024

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji perjanjian internasional, jenis-jenisnya, prinsip-prinsip dasarnya, dan proses pembuatannya menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian internasional terbagi menjadi bilateral dan multilateral, didasari oleh lima asas penting: free consent, itikad baik, pacta sunt servanda, pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, dan non retro aktif. Proses pembuatan perjanjian internasional melibatkan tiga tahap utama: perundingan untuk mencapai kesepakatan, penandatanganan sebagai komitmen terhadap teks perjanjian, dan pengesahan sebagai persetujuan formal dari kepala negara. Kesimpulannya, perjanjian internasional berperan krusial dalam hubungan antar negara, dengan proses pembuatan yang menjamin keabsahan dan efektivitasnya dalam konteks hukum internasional. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang dinamika dan mekanisme perjanjian internasional, mendukung hubungan antar negara yang stabil dan saling menguntungkan.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dalam Kasus Ilegal Fishing Siregar, Emiel Salim; Balqis, Raudha; Rahmadani, Fitria; Hasibuan, Adelia Fahriza; Eliyana, Lulu Indah; Sayendra Putri, Dina Natasha
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 5 No. 3: April 2026
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/j-ceki.v5i3.14931

Abstract

This study investigates corporate criminal liability in fisheries crimes, with particular emphasis on illegal fishing as a persistent threat to Indonesia’s marine sustainability, economic stability, and maritime sovereignty. Despite the absence of explicit recognition of corporations as criminal subjects in the Criminal Code, several sectoral regulations—including the Fisheries Law, Emergency Law No. 7 of 1955, and Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016—have established the basis for holding corporations accountable for offenses committed by their agents. Employing a normative legal approach, this study analyzes statutory frameworks, legal doctrines, and relevant literature to examine regulatory arrangements, sanctioning mechanisms, and enforcement practices. The findings reveal significant legal and institutional challenges, particularly the ambiguity in determining corporate representation in criminal proceedings and the lack of clear standards for attributing corporate fault. Although the Fisheries Law provides cumulative sanctions, including imprisonment, substantial fines, and administrative penalties such as license revocation and asset confiscation, enforcement remains ineffective due to fragmented authority and weak inter-agency coordination. This study argues that strengthening corporate criminal enforcement requires regulatory harmonization, clearer doctrinal standards, and enhanced institutional integration. It further highlights the strategic role of surveillance technologies, such as Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS), Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), and digital logbooks, in improving compliance and detection. By addressing these gaps, the study contributes to advancing a more coherent and effective framework for corporate accountability in fisheries governance within contemporary criminal law discourse.
Co-Authors Anggraini, Lola Eliyana, Lulu Indah Elyana, Lulu Indah Emiel Salim Siregar Hasibuan, Adelia Fahriza Ihsani, Dini Rahmadani, Fitria Sayendra Putri, Dina Natasha