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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR)
LEKY, ARDIAN S
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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PERAN PUSKESMAS DALAM PENCEGAHAN FAKTOR RISIKO ISPA DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS LEKY, ARDIAN S; Mulasari, Surahma Asti; Sunarti, Sunarti
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 5 (2025): Volume 12 Nomor 5
Publisher : Prodi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jikk.v12i5.19472

Abstract

ISPA merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Tingginya angka kejadian ISPA di NTT, yang mencapai 36,3%, disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti kondisi sanitasi rumah yang buruk, status gizi rendah, cakupan imunisasi yang rendah, serta kebiasaan penggunaan bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi peran Puskesmas dalam pencegahan ISPA di NTT. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic review. Sebanyak 1.213 artikel diseleksi dari Google Scholar dan Garuda, dan setelah melalui kriteria eksklusi, diperoleh tujuh artikel yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas berperan strategis dalam pencegahan ISPA melalui edukasi kesehatan, peningkatan cakupan imunisasi, perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan, deteksi dini kasus, serta advokasi kebijakan kesehatan. Namun, implementasi program masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, tantangan geografis, dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat. Upaya pencegahan yang terintegrasi dan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Dengan optimalisasi peran Puskesmas, diharapkan angka kejadian ISPA di NTT dapat ditekan, sehingga tercapai masyarakat yang lebih sehat dan bebas dari penyakit ini. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan untuk perbaikan kebijakan dan intervensi kesehatan berbasis masyarakat.
Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya Linn) and Citrus Leaf (Citrus sp.) Infusions in Reducing Aedes aegypti Larvae Mortality Leky, Ardian S; Andriyanto, Arif
Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/eshr.v8i1.14741

Abstract

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Vector control efforts have thus far relied heavily on chemical larvicides, which can cause resistance and pollute the environment. This study aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of papaya leaf (Carica papaya Linn) and citrus leaf (Citrus sp.) infusions as natural larvicides against Aedes aegypti larvae. Method: This study was a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only control group design, using 150 Aedes aegypti instar III larvae divided into six test containers, each containing 25 larvae, with three replicates for papaya leaf infusion and three replicates for 40% concentrated citrus leaf infusion. The infusion was made from dried leaves, which were ground into powder, then boiled at 90°C for 15 minutes before being filtered. Each treatment was tested by adding 5 mL of infusion to a container containing 100 mL of water. The 24-hour mortality data were analyzed using a two-sample independent T-test or Mann–Whitney U test if the data were not normal, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in larval mortality between papaya leaf infusion and citrus leaf infusion (p = 0.017). Citrus leaf infusion had a higher lethality rate than papaya leaf infusion. Citrus leaf infusion caused 100% larval mortality within 12 hours, while papaya leaf infusion showed an average mortality rate of 11.66 larvae within 24 hours. Conclusion: Infusions of citrus leaves and papaya leaves have been shown to have potential as natural larvicides against Aedes aegypti larvae. However, citrus leaf infusions are more effective.
Co-Authors Andriyanto, Arif Sunarti Surahma Asti Mulasari