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All Journal JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda) Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Azizah, Umi Hani
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PEDIATRI DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP UPTD KHUSUS RUMAH SAKIT UMUM HAJI MEDAN TAHUN 2024 Elanda, Yurike; Sigalingging, Nurcahaya; Maulana H, Armansyah; Azizah, Umi Hani
JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda)
Publisher : Universitas Imelda Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52943/jifarmasi.v9i1.1923

Abstract

One of the health problems is infection. Bacteria are the most common cause. Antibiotic use is increasing because of more bacterial infections. This condition can cause the risk of antibiotic resistance. In children, antibiotic resistance can occur in conditions that impact mortality, morbidity, and high medical costs. This study aims to determine the evaluation of antibiotic use and a description of the evaluation of antibiotic use with the ATC/DDD method from medical records of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic therapy. The research method used is observational research (non-experimental) with a quantitative approach, which includes analysis of patient characteristics and antibiotic use patterns. The results showed that the cephalosporin antibiotic group (80.4%) was used most often. The most common type of antibiotic used was ceftriaxone (38.8%). The most common type of treatment was intravenous (56.1%). In quantitative evaluation using the ATC/DDD method, the antibiotic with the highest DDD/100 patient days value was cefixime, with 124.46, and the antibiotic with the lowest DDD/100 patient days value was Ripampicin, with 0.04. The conclusion of this study is based on the analysis of antibiotic use using the ATC/DDD approach, regarding the Medan Haji General Hospital in 2024. Antibiotic use was evaluated using the ATC/DDD approach, resulting in a total DDD/100 inpatient days value of 202.11%. Cefixime had the highest DDD/100 inpatient days value, which was 120.15%, with a total antibiotic length of stay (LOS) of 325 days.
Optimization of Gel Formulation and Antibacterial Activity against Cutibacterium acnes from Combined Extracts of Caesalpinia sappan and Carthamus tinctorius Using Simplex Lattice Design Azizah, Umi Hani; Ika Yuni Astuti; Aktsar Roskiana
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i2.13175

Abstract

Acne vulgaris remains a common dermatological disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes plays a central role, while concerns over antibiotic resistance highlight the need for safe natural alternatives. This study aimed to develop and optimize a topical gel formulation containing combined extracts of Caesalpinia sappan and Carthamus tinctorius with antibacterial activity against C. acnes. An experimental design was employed using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method to optimize the proportions of Carbopol 940 and triethanolamine as gelling and stabilizing agents. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical characteristics, stability, hedonic properties, and antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. The optimized formulation, with a desirability value of 0.931, demonstrated appropriate viscosity, spreadability, and pH within the physiological range. Stability testing through six freeze–thaw cycles confirmed no significant changes in organoleptic or physicochemical parameters. Hedonic evaluation indicated good acceptance regarding odor, texture, and non-irritating properties, though color preference was slightly lower. Antibacterial assays showed that both the optimized gel and combined extracts produced strong inhibition zones against C. acnes, comparable to clindamycin as a positive control. These findings confirm that the combination of C. sappan and C. tinctorius extracts, when optimized through statistical design, can yield a stable and effective herbal gel with strong antibacterial activity. This research highlights the potential of integrating traditional medicinal plants with modern formulation approaches to develop safe, natural, and sustainable alternatives for acne management.
Co-Authors Aktsar Roskiana Elanda, Yurike Ika Yuni Astuti Maulana H, Armansyah Sigalingging, Nurcahaya