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Systematic Literature Review: Branches of Philosophy and Schools of Thought in Philosophy Yadi, Supri; Sari, Ice Linsa; Septemi, Yulia; Helita, Helita; Elesti, Yesmi
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): PPSDP International Journal of Education (Special Issue)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v4i2.647

Abstract

This study aims to identify, classify, and synthesize the development of branches and schools of thought in philosophy based on the latest academic literature. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with data search through the Google Scholar database using keywords such as schools of philosophy, branches of philosophy, and philosophy. Inclusion criteria included articles in English and Indonesian published between 2021 and 2025 that contain conceptual discussions of branches or schools of philosophy, while exclusion criteria included non-academic articles and popular works. Of the initial 200 articles, 15 studies met the criteria and were synthesized thematically. The results show five main branches (metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and aesthetics) and seven dominant schools (realism, idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, positivism, phenomenology, and postmodernism). The novelty of the study lies in the systematic mapping of the relationships between branches and schools. Its practical implications strengthen the foundation of the modern philosophy curriculum, while its contribution enriches epistemological understanding in contemporary philosophical studies.
Systematic Literature Review: The Philosophical Foundations of Education and Social Norms in Indonesia Sari, Ice Linsa; Septemi, Yulia; Yadi, Supri; Helita, Helita; Elesti, Yesmi
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): PPSDP International Journal of Education (Special Issue)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v4i2.649

Abstract

This article presents a systematic literature review of the philosophical foundations of education and social norms in Indonesia. The study explores how philosophical thought especially idealism, realism, and Pancasila values—influences the formation of character, ethics, and educational practices within Indonesian society. Drawing from various national and international studies, this review identifies three key themes: (1) the role of philosophical perspectives in shaping educational goals and curriculum; (2) the relationship between local wisdom and social norms; and (3) the importance of moral and cultural values in building a just and harmonious society. The findings reveal that education in Indonesia is deeply rooted in philosophical traditions emphasizing balance between intellectual, moral, and spiritual growth. Furthermore, local cultural values, such as harmony and mutual respect, continue to guide the moral formation of citizens. The study concludes that integrating philosophical principles with social norms is essential to develop an education system aligned with Indonesian identity and the ideals of Pancasila.
Philosophical Approaches in Religious Thought: A Systematic Literature Review Septemi, Yulia; Sari, Ice Linsa; Yadi, Supri; Helita, Helita; Elesti, Yesmi
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): PPSDP International Journal of Education (Special Issue)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v4i2.650

Abstract

This systematic literature review analyzes the interplay between philosophical approaches and religious thought. By reviewing 15 relevant journal articles, this study explores how philosophy and religion, despite differing truth criteria (revelation vs. reason), can be complementary in the search for life’s meaning. The analysis focuses on key thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, Al-Ghazali, and Muhammad Iqbal, highlighting perennial philosophy as a bridge for interfaith dialogue and pluralism. The study concludes that the integration of science and religion is not only possible but essential for a holistic understanding of human existence and the promotion of global well-being. This integration enriches both intellectual and spiritual dimensions of life. The findings argue against a rigid separation between scientific, philosophical, and religious education. It implies that a holistic education system should integrate these disciplines to provide students with a more complete worldview. The study’s primary contribution is its clear and argued conclusion that a fragmented view of reality (where science, philosophy, and religion are separate) is insufficient. It makes a compelling case that a holistic understanding, which integrates these domains, is necessary for a complete picture of human existence.