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PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBELI TANAH ADAT YANG BELUM MEMPUNYAI SERTIFIKAT HAK MILIK (SHM) Subri, Subri; Dzakirah, Aqilah; Nasiswa, Olga Arawinda
Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025): Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

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Abstract

Tanah adat memegang posisi strategis dalam kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Meskipun Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 mengakui keberadaan hak-hak adat, dalam praktiknya masih banyak tanah adat yang belum terdaftar dan tidak memiliki Sertifikat Hak Milik (SHM), sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam transaksi jual beli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli yang bertindak dengan itikad baik dalam perjanjian jual beli tanah adat yang belum bersertifikat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan legislatif, konseptual, dan historis melalui analisis UUPA, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997, SEMA Nomor 7 Tahun 2012, SEMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2016, serta konsep itikad baik dalam hukum perdata dan hukum adat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli diberikan melalui mekanisme preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan status tanah, penerapan penjualan dan pembelian “tunai dan bersih”, serta keterlibatan pejabat desa. Perlindungan represif tercermin dalam yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung, yang menekankan bahwa pembeli yang bertindak dengan itikad baik tetap harus dilindungi meskipun penjual bukan pemilik yang sah, dan pemilik asli hanya dapat menuntut ganti rugi dari penjual. Program pemerintah seperti PTSL dan pengakuan tanah adat juga memperkuat kepastian hukum. Dengan demikian, perlindungan bagi pembeli yang bertindak dengan itikad baik merupakan upaya untuk menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum nasional dengan keberadaan hukum adat yang masih berlaku di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Tanah adat, Itikad baik, Perlindungan hukum. Abstract Customary land holds a strategic position in the social, economic, and cultural life of Indonesian society. Although the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) Number 5 of 1960 recognizes the existence of customary rights, in practice there is still a lot of customary land that has not been registered and does not have a Certificate of Ownership (SHM), thus creating legal uncertainty in sale and purchase transactions. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for buyers acting in good faith in sales and purchase agreements for uncertified customary land. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative, conceptual, and historical approach through an analysis of the UUPA, Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, SEMA No. 7 of 2012, SEMA No. 4 of 2016, as well as the concept of good faith in civil law and customary law. The results of the study show that legal protection for buyers is provided through preventive and repressive mechanisms. Preventive protection is carried out through land status checks, the application of “cash and clean” sales and purchases, and the involvement of village officials. Repressive protection is reflected in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, which emphasizes that buyers acting in good faith must still be protected even if the seller is not the legal owner, and the original owner can only claim compensation from the seller. Government programs such as PTSL and the recognition of customary land also strengthen legal certainty. Thus, protection for buyers acting in good faith is an effort to balance national legal certainty with the existence of customary laws that are still applicable in society. Keywords: Customary land, Good faith, Legal protection.
Kedudukan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Aparatur Sipil Negara di Indonesia Subri, Subri; Dzakirah, Aqilah; Nasiswa, Olga Arawinda; Rahmadina, Anisya Nurroliyati; Madinar, Madinar
AHKAM Vol 5 No 3 (2026): AHKAM: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v5i3.10150

Abstract

The State Administrative Court (PTUN) plays a central role as an instrument of judicial oversight of personnel administrative decisions that may harm State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving ASN personnel disputes through the PTUN from the aspects of authority, procedure, and the substance of personnel administrative decisions, as well as to examine forms of legal protection for ASN who are harmed by decisions of dishonorable dismissal. This study used a normative legal method with a statutory approach and a case approach, referring to Jakarta State Administrative Court Decision Number 170/G/2020/PTUN.Jkt as the main analytical material. The results show that the mechanism for resolving ASN personnel disputes through the PTUN is systematic and multilayered. ASN are first required to pursue administrative remedies in the form of objections and administrative appeals before filing a lawsuit with the PTUN, which subsequently examines the validity of the State Administrative Decision based on authority, procedure, and its conformity with the General Principles of Good Governance. Legal protection for ASN subjected to dishonorable dismissal is realized through two dimensions, namely preventive protection in the form of guarantees of a fair examination process and the right to defend oneself, and repressive protection in the form of the right to pursue the state administrative court mechanism accompanied by the right to rehabilitation if the lawsuit is granted. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the PTUN has an important position in ensuring legal certainty, procedural justice, and the protection of ASN rights in personnel administrative disputes. The implications of the study show that the effectiveness of legal protection for ASN greatly depends on the quality of evidence and procedural compliance from the early stages of the personnel process.