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All Journal Medical and Health Science Journal JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
Sarkowi, Widya Khairunnisa
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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Infodemiology of Anthrax in Indonesia: Insights from Google Trends (2014–2024) Fadhillah, Risti Sifa'; Utami, Putri; Sarkowi, Widya Khairunnisa; Iryawati, Dinda
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kesehatan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : UNUSA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/mhsj.v9i2.8008

Abstract

Background: Anthrax remains a persistent zoonotic disease in Indonesia, with recurrent outbreaks reported in endemic provinces such as Yogyakarta, Gorontalo, Central Java, and East Nusa Tenggara. Outbreak control is further challenged by the circulation of misinformation, which shapes community perceptions and undermines prevention efforts. Digital epidemiology offers opportunities to complement conventional surveillance by capturing public information-seeking behavior, yet its application in anthrax research in Indonesia remains limited. Methods: This study analyzed temporal and spatial dynamics of public interest in anthrax using Google Trends data from January 2014 to December 2024. Two search terms, antraks (Indonesian) and anthrax (English), were examined to assess monthly patterns, regional distribution, and related search queries. Descriptive analyses were performed to identify peaks of interest, geographic differences, and themes of related and rising queries. Results: Overall search activity was low and stable throughout the 11 years, with distinct peaks corresponding to outbreaks, most notably in July 2023 during the Yogyakarta outbreak. Regional analysis revealed Yogyakarta and Gorontalo as the dominant provinces of search activity. Linguistic patterns showed that antraks was more widely used in western Indonesia, while anthrax was relatively more frequent in eastern provinces. Related queries reflected demand for basic knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention, while rising queries aligned with outbreak-related events. Conclusion: Online search patterns mirror epidemiological risk, cultural context, and digital access. Infodemiology provides timely insights that may enhance outbreak preparedness and risk communication. Integrating digital surveillance with conventional monitoring can support more effective and locally relevant health education strategies for anthrax control in Indonesia.
Genetic Variants Associated with Gefitinib Adverse Events in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review Integrated with Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Structural Modelling Rangga Pradipa, Agya Marsaa; Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Shalahudin; Romadhona, Sabila; Sarkowi, Widya Khairunnisa
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025) : Article i
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.v12i2.1049

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used in NSCLC with favorable outcome. However, many patients develop severe adverse effects which might be influenced by genetic variability. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the gene variants and its association with gefitinib-related adverse effects in NSCLC patients, as well as investigate the biological process involved. Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Studies investigating the association between genetic variations with gefitinib-related adverse effects in NSCLC were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-E. Extracted data encompassed study and patient characteristics, adverse effects, and gene variations. Significant genes identified from included studies were analyzed through PPI network analysis, and the hub proteins found were visualized through Chimera. Results: Sixteen studies involving 1,176 patients were included, with Japanese populations being the most studied. Gene variants of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCG2, EGFR, FOXO3, IKBKB, and AKT1 were found to be associated with adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, skin rash, and diarrhea among NSCLC patients. Metabolism and inflammatory pathways might be involved in gefitinib-related adverse effects. Conclusion: Genetic variations in CYP2D6, CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCG2, EGFR, FOXO3, IKBKB, and AKT1 may influence gefitinib-associated adverse effects, highlighting the need of pharmacogenomic testing to guide personalized treatment and improved patient safety. Keywords: Genetic Variants, Gefitinib, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Adverse Effects, Protein-protein interaction
Co-Authors Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Shalahudin Dinda Iryawati Fadhillah, Risti Sifa' Putri Utami, Putri Rangga Pradipa, Agya Marsaa Romadhona, Sabila