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All Journal Essentia: Journal of Medical Practice and Research Sanitas: Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studie
Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani
Universitas Lampung
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Karakteristik Nyeri Kepala pada Anak dan Remaja: A Literature Review Silma Nuraini; Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani; Terza Aflika Happy; Prambudi Rukmono
Journal of Medical Practice and Research Vol 1 No 2 (2025): December: Essentia: Journal of Medical Practice and Research
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/4v2z8d26

Abstract

Headache is one of the most common neurological complaints in children and adolescents, with a prevalence that increases with age. Clinical manifestations in this population often differ from those in adults, creating challenges in diagnosis and management. This literature review aims to evaluate the classification, clinical characteristics, triggering factors, and impact of headache in the 6–18-year age group based on the most recent scientific evidence. The review was conducted using a narrative approach by searching the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for studies published within the past ten years, with priority given to the use of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria. The literature indicates that tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine are the most predominant subtypes. Pediatric-specific characteristics include shorter attack durations (2–72 hours) and predominantly bilateral pain localization. Triggering factors are multifactorial, encompassing academic stress, excessive screen time, sleep disturbances, and hormonal fluctuations in adolescent girls. Headache has a significant impact on school absenteeism and overall quality of life. Recognizing the unique characteristics of headache in children is essential to avoid misdiagnosis. Management approaches should be holistic, incorporating the identification of red flags, lifestyle modifications, and the management of comorbidities to prevent progression to chronic headache into adulthood.  
Gen-Gen yang Berperan dalam Mekanisme Epilepsi Resisten terhadap Obat Shinta Nurhaliza; Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani; Intan Kusumaningtyas; Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina
Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies Vol 1 No 2 (2025): December: Sanitas: Journal of Health, Medical, and Psychological Studies
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/b1bg2p24

Abstract

Drug-resistant epilepsy represents a major clinical challenge due to its complex and multifactorial biological mechanisms. This condition is not solely driven by inadequate pharmacological efficacy but is strongly influenced by genetic alterations affecting drug transport, neuronal excitability, and neuroinflammatory regulation. Genes encoding drug transporters such as ABCB1 and ABCC2 limit antiepileptic drug penetration across the blood–brain barrier, reducing therapeutic concentrations within epileptogenic regions. Meanwhile, mutations in sodium channel genes, particularly SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN8A, disrupt neuronal excitability by altering action potential dynamics and synaptic balance. In parallel, neuroinflammatory genes including IL1B, TNF, and TLR4 promote chronic inflammatory responses that sustain epileptogenesis and further reduce drug responsiveness. The interaction among these genetic pathways creates a self-reinforcing pathological network that underlies persistent seizure activity despite optimal treatment. Understanding these molecular mechanisms highlights the necessity of precision-based approaches, including pharmacogenetic screening and targeted adjunctive therapies, to improve clinical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.  
Co-Authors Intan Kusumaningtyas Prambudi Rukmono Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina Shinta Nurhaliza Silma Nuraini Terza Aflika Happy