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All Journal Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies
Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
Universitas Pertiba
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Embezzlement in the Private Sector: Legal Challenges and Regulatory Gaps in Corporate Governance Kiki Kristanto; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Mas Putra Zenno Januarsyah; Pita Permatasari; Vicko Taniady
Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.24881

Abstract

This study critically examines the issue of embezzlement in the private sector, a form of white-collar crime that continues to pose significant threats to corporate integrity, investor trust, and economic stability. Despite its prevalence and damaging consequences, legal responses remain fragmented both at the level of national legislation and international legal harmonization. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches, this research systematically analyzes the underlying legal and institutional deficiencies and formulates reform-oriented recommendations. Drawing on statutes, case law, academic doctrines, and cross-jurisdictional practices, the study identifies key regulatory gaps: the absence of a consistent legal definition of private sector embezzlement, weak enforcement mechanisms, and insufficient corporate accountability provisions. Comparative insights from jurisdictions such as the United States, Germany, and Singapore highlight the effectiveness of integrated models combining criminal sanctions, internal compliance obligations, and external oversight. In light of these findings, the study proposes targeted reforms in Indonesian corporate law particularly to clarify corporate criminal liability, mandate real-time internal controls, and establish independent ethics committees. These proposals are intended to guide lawmakers, regulatory bodies, and corporate policymakers toward developing more effective enforcement mechanisms and corporate governance structures. Ultimately, the study underscores that embezzlement is not merely a legal infraction but a systemic governance failure requiring coordinated legal, institutional, and ethical responses across national and international levels.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE TWO-TRACK SENTENCING SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN COMMITTED AGGRAVATED THEFT IN THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS (STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 1/PID.SUS-ANAK/2025/PN SGL) Agusto Imanuel; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Enny Agustina
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v5i3.4082

Abstract

Children are a national asset whose existence is crucial to ensuring the survival of a nation. Therefore, to support this goal, the future of children and their livelihood security must be considered from all aspects, from economics to education to health, and most importantly, legal protection. Legal protection is paramount because today many children are involved in criminal acts, resulting in their status changing to children in conflict with the law, and many are sentenced to prison in Child Development Institutions. This has the potential to threaten the continuity of children's access to educational rights. It must be understood that fostering in a foster institution does not necessarily break the chain of recurrence of criminal acts by children, and placement of children in foster institutions also has the potential to increase the state's financial burden and may lead to overcapacity in society. Therefore, Indonesia is slowly trying to implement a double-track criminal justice system to accommodate the interests of children in conflict with the law so that their rights are still fulfilled. As an analysis of this system, the author attempted to conduct research on the Sungailiat District Court Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Pgp. Using a normative legal research method, the author attempts to examine the application of two criminal justice systems in handling juvenile cases. Through a literature review of the collected legal materials, the author found that implementing two criminal justice systems in handling juvenile cases is not easy. Many factors must be ensured for the success of these two criminal justice systems.The child's age as a tool to identify children who may be subject to imprisonment or other criminal penalties, analysis of the community guidance research report, criminal threats against children, a description of the public prosecutor's demands outlining sanctions for the action, the availability of supporting facilities and the budget for implementing the action against the child. Each component supports each other, and if one component is not met, the two-track criminalization formulation cannot be implemented. And this occurs in case handling.Sungailiat District Court Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Pgp which ultimately cannot apply the decision to take action against the child even though the conditions for the child to be subject to action have been fulfilled in terms of the actions and the threat of punishment imposed on the child.
Co-Authors Agusto Imanuel Enny Agustina Kiki Kristanto Mas Putra Zenno Januarsyah Pita Permatasari Vicko Taniady