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All Journal International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains
Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Civil Lawsuits Against Business Entities in Judicial Practice Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Rafiqi; Andria Marchelia; Markus Suryoutomo; Rizki Wahyudi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) (Special Issue) - International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) January 2
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10114

Abstract

Unlawful acts constitute one of the fundamental bases for civil litigation within the Indonesian civil law system, particularly when the defendant is a business entity. In judicial practice, business entities as legal persons are frequently involved in commercial activities that may result in losses to other parties, including consumers, business partners, and the broader public. Consequently, claims based on unlawful acts serve as an essential legal mechanism to seek accountability for conduct that violates legal norms and causes damage. This article aims to examine the procedural framework for filing unlawful act claims against business entities in civil courts, to analyze the legal elements that must be established, and to identify evidentiary challenges commonly encountered during litigation. The research adopts a normative juridical method, employing statutory analysis, legal doctrines, and a review of relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that unlawful act claims against business entities tend to be more complex than those directed at individual defendants, particularly in proving the element of fault and establishing a causal link between the conduct and the resulting harm. Moreover, divergent judicial interpretations of the elements of unlawful acts contribute to inconsistencies in court rulings. Judicial decisions in cases involving unlawful acts committed by business entities have significant implications for legal certainty, the protection of injured parties’ rights, and the development of standards of legal responsibility in the business sector. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the construction of unlawful act claims, along with a strengthened judicial role, is essential to ensure justice and legal certainty in civil law enforcement.
Tanggung Jawab Perdata Dalam Kegagalan Sistem Pembayaran Digital: Analisis Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata: Civil Liability in Digital Payment System Failures: An Analysis of Article 1365 of the Civil Code Anindya Bidasari; Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Markus Suryoutomo; Purwanto; Bambang Teguh Handoyo
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (Special Issue) - Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (JKS) - Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v8i12.9669

Abstract

Perkembangan sistem pembayaran digital seperti e-wallet, mobile banking, dan platform QRIS telah meningkatkan efisiensi transaksi masyarakat. Namun, di balik kemudahan tersebut terdapat potensi kegagalan sistem seperti gangguan jaringan, error pada pemrosesan transaksi, keterlambatan settlement, hingga double transfer yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian finansial bagi konsumen maupun merchant. Situasi ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai dasar tanggung jawab perdata yang dapat digunakan untuk menuntut pemulihan kerugian. Artikel ini menganalisis penerapan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata dalam konteks kegagalan sistem pembayaran digital, dengan fokus pada unsur-unsur esensial perbuatan melawan hukum, yaitu adanya perbuatan melanggar hukum, kesalahan atau kelalaian, kerugian, dan hubungan kausal. Analisis juga meninjau bagaimana prinsip tanggung jawab konvensional berdasarkan kesalahan (fault liability) berinteraksi dengan rezim teknologi yang semakin kompleks, yang dalam beberapa literatur mendorong pemberlakuan tanggung jawab objektif pada penyelenggara sistem elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan mengkaji regulasi sektor pembayaran, doktrin hukum perdata, literatur ilmiah nasional, serta ketentuan penyelenggaraan sistem elektronik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Pasal 1365 tetap relevan, tetapi harus diperkuat dengan standar teknis yang diatur dalam regulasi sektoral sebagai parameter untuk menilai ada tidaknya kelalaian. Selain itu, diperlukan mekanisme pemulihan yang lebih responsif dan transparan guna memastikan perlindungan hukum yang optimal bagi konsumen.
Co-Authors Andria Marchelia Anindya Bidasari Bambang Teguh Handoyo Markus Suryoutomo Purwanto Rafiqi Rizki Wahyudi