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All Journal Sinkron : Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika Building of Informatics, Technology and Science
Maulana, Isa Iant
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Computer Science & IT

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Explainable Machine Learning-Based Decision Tree Model for Early Detection of Hypertension Risk Sofiani, Hilda Ayu; Maulana, Isa Iant; Alzami, Farrikh; Naufal, Muhammad; Azies, Harun Al; Rizqa, Ifan; Santoso, Dewi Agustini; Nugraini, Siti Hadiati
Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Article Research January 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Ganesha Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33395/sinkron.v10i1.15585

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it typically remains asymptomatic until serious complications, such as stroke or kidney failure, occur. Early detection of hypertension risk is therefore essential to enable timely intervention and prevention. This study aims to develop an explainable machine learning–based Decision Tree model for early detection of hypertension risk using clinical and lifestyle data. The balanced dataset includes variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, family history, smoking habits, stress levels, and sleep duration. The dataset used in this study was obtained from the “Hypertension Risk Prediction Dataset” available on the Kaggle platform, consisting of 1,985 patient records and 11 main features covering variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, family history, smoking habits, stress level, physical activity, and sleep duration. The dataset is balanced between the hypertension and normal categories, enhancing the reliability of the classification results. The model was constructed using a Decision Tree Classifier implemented in Scikit-learn and validated through cross-validation to minimize overfitting. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC metrics. The results indicate that the model achieved an accuracy of 96% and an AUC of 0.9645, demonstrating excellent classification performance. The motivation behind this research lies in the growing need for interpretable artificial intelligence models in healthcare, where transparency and explainability are critical for clinical trust and ethical decision-making. Unlike black-box models, the Decision Tree approach allows clinicians to trace each prediction path, understand contributing variables, and apply insights in real-world medical settings. The primary advantage of this model lies in its transparency, as each prediction can be interpreted through explicit decision rules. Overall, this explainable and high-performing model shows strong potential as a clinical decision support tool for early hypertension screening and prevention programs.
Comprehensive Benchmark of Yolov11n, SSD MobileNet, CenterFace, Yunet, FastMtCnn, HaarCascade, and LBP for Face Detection in Video Based Driver Drowsiness Go, Agnestia Agustine Djoenaidi; Alzami, Farrikh; Naufal, Muhammad; Azies, Harun Al; Winarno, Sri; Pramunendar, Ricardus Anggi; Megantara, Rama Aria; Maulana, Isa Iant; Arif, Mohammad
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i3.8678

Abstract

Face detection is a critical foundation of video-based drowsiness monitoring systems because all downstream tasks such as eye-closure estimation, yawning detection, and head movement analysis depend entirely on correctly identifying the face region. Many previous studies rely on detector-generated outputs as ground truth, which can introduce bias and inflate model performance . To avoid this limitation, I manually constructed a ground truth dataset using 1,229 frames extracted from 129 yawning and microsleep videos in the NITYMED dataset. Ten representative frames were sampled from each video using a face-guided extraction script, and all frames were manually annotated in Roboflow following the COCO format to ensure accurate bounding box labeling under varying lighting, head poses, and facial deformation. Using this manually annotated dataset, I conducted a comprehensive benchmark of seven face-detection algorithms: YOLOv11n, SSD MobileNet, CenterFace, YuNet, FastMtCnn, HaarCascade, and LBP. The evaluation focused on localization quality using Intersection over Union (IoU ≥ 0.5) and Dice Similarity, allowing each algorithm’s predicted bounding box to be directly compared against human defined ground truth. The results show that HaarCascade achieved the highest IoU and Dice scores, particularly in frontal and well-lit frames. FastMtCnn also produced strong alignment with a high number of correctly matched frames. CenterFace and SSD MobileNet demonstrated smooth bounding box fitting with competitive Dice scores, while YOLOv11n and YuNet delivered moderate but stable performance across most samples. LBP showed the weakest results, mainly due to its sensitivity to lighting variations and soft-texture regions. Overall, this benchmark provides an unbiased and comprehensive comparison of modern and classical face-detection algorithms for video-based driver-drowsiness applications.
Dampak Penggunaan Data Augmentasi Terhadap Akurasi MobileNetV2 Dalam Deteksi Mikrosleep Berbasis Rasio Aspek Mata Maulana, Isa Iant; Riadi, Muhammad Fatah Abiyyu; Alzami, Farrikh; Naufal, Muhammad; Azies, Harun Al; Pramunendar, Ricardus Anggi; Basuki, Ruri Suko
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i3.8719

Abstract

Detecting microsleep is important in preventing accidents caused by decreased alertness, especially in activities that require high concentration such as driving. This study aims to develop an image-based microsleep detection model using the MediaPipe FaceMesh. The EAR value is only used for the tagging process that forms the basis for dataset creation. The main problem investigated is how to produce a classification model that can accurately distinguish between normal eye conditions and microsleep conditions using image data taken from eye area snippets. To address this issue, this study applies a series of stages, starting from dataset formation, initial processing in the form of image size adjustment, normalization, and quality improvement through data augmentation, to model training using the MobileNetV2 architecture with transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques. The results of the experiment show that the use of data augmentation strategies has a significant effect on improving model performance, with the best configuration producing a test accuracy of 87.54 percent, with other high performance metrics, namely Precision of 88.64 percent, Recall (Sensitivity) of 87.14 percent, and F1-Score of 87.34 percent. These findings prove that an eye area image-based approach combined with a convolutional neural network model is capable of providing promising performance in detecting microsleep conditions. These findings prove that an approach based on eye area images combined with a convolutional neural network model can deliver promising performance in detecting microsleep. This research is expected to form the basis for the development of a more effective microsleep detection system that can be implemented in real world environments.
Co-Authors Alzami, Farrikh Dewi Agustini Santoso Go, Agnestia Agustine Djoenaidi Harun Al Azies Ifan Rizqa Megantara, Rama Aria Mohammad Arif Muhammad Naufal, Muhammad Nugraini, Siti Hadiati Riadi, Muhammad Fatah Abiyyu Ricardus Anggi Pramunendar Ruri Suko Basuki Sofiani, Hilda Ayu Sri Winarno