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All Journal Jurnal As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Roif, Roif
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Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Metode Penelitian Hukum Progresif dalam Mengidentifikasi 'Pasal Karet' pada Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) dan Urgensinya bagi Demokrasi Digital Sangkala, Robert; Komala, ⁠Ida; Wibowo, Satria Ari; Roif, Roif; Asari, Ali; Candra, Firman Adi
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10283

Abstract

The digital era has revolutionized societal interactions, including expression and democratic participation. However, Indonesia's Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), revised twice (2016 and 2024), still contains ambiguous provisions known as "rubber articles," such as Article 27 paragraph (3) on defamation. These articles often lead to the criminalization of criticism and restrict freedom of expression, conflicting with digital democracy principles. This study applies progressive legal research methods to identify and critique these articles, emphasizing a dynamic and responsive normative approach to socio-technological dynamics. Through juridical and sociological analysis, the research reveals the urgency of reforming UU ITE to strengthen digital democracy in Indonesia. Findings indicate that a progressive approach can serve as a foundation for reconstructing more inclusive regulations, protecting human rights (HAM) in the digital age, and preventing power abuses. Recommendations include establishing a national digital information commission and substantive revisions to problematic articles.
Membedah Isu Pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia: Studi Kasus dan Respons Hukum terhadap Siklus Pelanggaran Sistematis Komala, ⁠Ida; Sangkala, Robert; Ari Wibowo, Satria; Roif, Roif; Asari, Ali; Adi Candra, Firman
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10284

Abstract

This article analyzes human rights violations in Indonesia, focusing on the systematic cycle of violations involving state apparatus and government policies. Through in-depth analysis of recent case studies such as the repression of protesters, the Kanjuruhan tragedy, conflicts in Papua, and criminalization via UU ITE, the article critically examines legal responses within Indonesia's positive law framework. Legal sources reviewed include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 26 of 2000 on Human Rights Courts, Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law No. 2 of 2002 on Polri, Law No. 34 of 2004 on TNI, and various related Government Regulations (PP) and Presidential Decrees (Keppres). Findings indicate that despite legislative efforts and the establishment of institutions like Komnas HAM, implementation remains weak due to impunity, politicization, lack of accountability, and structural resistance to change. This condition perpetuates a cycle of violations that erodes public trust and hinders democratic consolidation. This study aims to identify the root causes of this cycle and provide comprehensive recommendations for strengthening law enforcement, including structural reforms, enhanced institutional capacity, and the promotion of a human rights culture across all government levels and society. This analysis is relevant for policymakers, legal academics, human rights activists, and the broader Indonesian public in their efforts to achieve substantive justice and comprehensive human rights protection.
Pasal 240-241 KUHP Baru Ancaman "KUHP Karet" bagi Kebebasan Berpendapat di Indonesia 2026 Sangkala, Robert; Komala, ⁠Ida; Wibowo, Satria Ari; Roif, Roif; Asari, ⁠Ali; Candra, Firman Adi
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

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Abstract

This article analyzes Articles 240-241 of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) proposed in the 2023 KUHP, effective as of January 2, 2026, which impose penalties of up to 4 years imprisonment for insults against the government or state institutions. Using a normative-legal research approach, the article explores the potential for these provisions to be interpreted as a "rubber KUHP" that restricts freedom of expression, as reported to the UN. The analysis compares these articles with Article 19 of the 1945 Constitution, the ICCPR Convention, and UN recommendations, alongside potential case studies such as the criminalization of activists. The findings indicate that these provisions risk undermining civil democracy, despite their intent to protect national dignity. This research emphasizes the urgency of revision to maintain balance between state protection and human rights.
Analisis Komprehensif Pasal 2 KUHP Nasional: Konsep Hukum yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat, Tantangan Implementasi, dan Implikasi terhadap Asas Legalitas Pidana Indonesia Sangkala, Robert; Komala, Ida; Wibowo, Satria Ari; Roif, Roif; Asari, Ali; Candra, Firman Adi
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The enactment of the National Criminal Code (KUHP Nasional) through Law No. 1 of 2023, effective from January 2, 2026, marks a paradigm shift in Indonesian criminal law by introducing Article 2, which recognizes "living law" (hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat) as a supplementary source of criminal liability. This study employs a normative legal research approach to analyze the philosophical foundations, juridical construction, and practical challenges of Article 2 in balancing material legality with formal legality principles. Two key research problems are addressed: (1) the alignment of living law with the legality principle (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali), and (2) implementation challenges in diverse Indonesian contexts. Findings reveal that while Article 2 promotes restorative justice and cultural pluralism aligned with Pancasila, it risks interpretive ambiguity and potential violations of human rights standards. Recommendations include regulatory harmonization and judicial training. This research contributes to the discourse on modernizing Indonesia's pluralistic criminal justice system.
Co-Authors Adi Candra, Firman Ari Wibowo, Satria Asari, Ali Asari, ⁠Ali Candra, Firman Adi Komala, Ida Komala, ⁠Ida Sangkala, Robert Wibowo, Satria Ari