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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Sociology and Law Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences
M. Irwan Susanto
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Evaluation of Law Enforcement Policy on Criminal Acts in Cooperatives M. Irwan Susanto; Abdullah Sulaiman
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.605

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate law enforcement policies concerning criminal acts within cooperatives in Indonesia. As membership-based economic institutions, cooperatives play a strategic role in enhancing community welfare; however, they remain vulnerable to criminal acts, particularly those related to abuse of authority and embezzlement of members’ funds. This research employs a mixed methods approach, combining a juridical-normative analysis of statutory regulations and legal doctrines with an empirical approach through case studies, interviews, and surveys involving cooperative managers, supervisors, members, and relevant law enforcement officers. The findings reveal that the existing law enforcement policies are not yet fully effective in providing legal protection and certainty for cooperative members. The ineffectiveness is mainly attributed to regulatory limitations, weak inter-agency coordination among law enforcement bodies, and the insufficient participation of members in supervisory mechanisms. Accordingly, reformulating a more comprehensive law enforcement policy, strengthening supervisory institutions, and implementing governance principles grounded in transparency and accountability are deemed essential to prevent and address criminal acts within cooperatives more effectively.
The Boundaries of Criminal Liability of Cooperative Management and Cooperatives as Corporations in Corruption Crimes M. Irwan Susanto; Hendro Widodo; Zainal Arifin Hoesein
International Journal of Sociology and Law Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): August: International Journal of Sociology and Law
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijsl.v3i3.1009

Abstract

The increasing incidence of corruption in the cooperative sector demonstrates that cooperatives are not only vehicles for community economic empowerment but may also be used to facilitate abuses of authority that cause state financial losses. This situation raises legal uncertainty regarding the division of criminal liability between cooperative management as individual offenders and cooperatives as corporate entities. This study aims to analyze the regulation of criminal liability for both legal subjects, identify the limits of their respective responsibilities, and formulate legal parameters for determining criminal accountability in corruption cases. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches through the analysis of legislation, court decisions, and legal doctrines. The findings reveal that existing regulations do not clearly distinguish the criminal liability of cooperative management and cooperatives as corporations. Management is held liable when corruption involves abuse of authority, intent, or personal benefit, whereas cooperatives may be held liable if the offense results from organizational policies, benefits the corporation, or reflects failures in internal supervision. Clearer legal parameters are essential to strengthen legal certainty and promote more effective, proportional, and equitable law enforcement in combating corruption within the cooperative sector.
Co-Authors Abdullah Sulaiman Hendro Widodo Zainal Arifin Hoesein