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Zafira, Aura Putri
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Physics

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Mapping of Tsunami Vulnerability Levels and Planning of Shelter Points and Evacuation Routes along the Palabuhanratu Coastline Zafira, Aura Putri; Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah; Erizal; Ramadhanis, Zainab
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): JGEET Vol 10 No 04 : December (2025)
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2025.10.4.24849

Abstract

The Palabuhanratu Subdistrict, located in the Sukabumi Regency, is a high-risk area for tsunami disasters owing to tectonic activity along the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plate subduction zones. The tsunami vulnerability level in this subdistrict is further heightened by the relatively dense population in its coastal areas, which increases the potential for loss of life and material losses. Therefore, an analysis of tsunami vulnerability levels and the planning of structural mitigation measures—such as shelters and evacuation routes—are crucial to protect communities from tsunami threats. This study aims to analyse the inundation area and affected population under tsunami scenarios with wave heights of 10, 15, and 20 m; identify the coverage of the proposed tsunami shelters; and evaluate the effectiveness of evacuation routes leading to the shelters in the Palabuhanratu Subdistrict. The methods employed include scoring and weighting techniques, Model Builder tools, and Network Analyst. The results indicate that coastal villages, such as Citepus, Jayanti, and Palabuhanratu, are highly vulnerable to tsunamis. Based on inundation modelling, Palabuhanratu Village had the largest inundated area and the highest number of affected residents. Most residents of Citepus and Jayanti Villages are located more than 1,350 m from the nearest shelter, with travel times exceeding 30 min. In contrast, the majority of residents in Palabuhanratu Village can reach shelters within 20 min, although some are still categorised as being in distant and very distant zones. A total of 11 evacuation routes were designed to connect the initial evacuation points to the shelters. However, 2 of the 11 routes, from Point 5 and 6, still exceed 1.000 m in distance and require more than 20 min of travel time.
An Integrated GIS-Based Framework for Tsunami Evacuation Planning: Shelter Accessibility and Route Network Analysis in Palabuhanratu, Indonesia Zhafran, Muhammad Naufal; Putra, Heriansyah; Fauzan, Fauzan; Basuki, Achmad; Sudibyo, Tri; Ramadhanis, Zainab; Zafira, Aura Putri
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Palabuhanratu is located along the southern coast of Java and is at high risk of tsunami disasters owing to seismic gaps along the Sunda subduction zone. The seismic gap could generate earthquakes up to 9.1 Mw, potentially triggering tsunamis as high as 20.2 meters. Mitigation efforts require evacuation sites that can be reached within a limited evacuation time, yet existing temporary evacuation sites are moderately to poorly accessible, with a substantial proportion of the affected population unable to reach them within 30 minutes. This study develops an integrated GIS-based framework linking tsunami hazard mapping and inundation modeling with affected-population assessment, shelter location planning, and evacuation route analysis. The methodological approach uses existing evacuation sites as a baseline and progressively evaluates alternative shelter configurations based on population coverage within a 30-minute travel-time constraint, followed by network-based evacuation route analysis for the selected shelter configuration. GIS-based spatial analysis estimated inundation areas of 3.57 km² and 6.44 km² under 10- and 20-meter tsunami scenarios, affecting 13,553 and 23,574 people, respectively. Existing evacuation sites were reachable by only 38% of the affected population under the 20-meter inundation scenario. The addition of three proposed shelter locations increased the modeled accessibility to 100% within the 30-minute travel-time threshold. Network analysis subsequently identified 55 evacuation routes connecting tsunami-affected areas to designated evacuation sites. The integrated framework provides a systematic basis for comparing shelter configurations and linking shelter planning with evacuation route development, thereby supporting comprehensive tsunami mitigation planning in vulnerable coastal communities.
Co-Authors Achmad Basuki Erizal Fauzan . Putra, Heriansyah Ramadhanis, Zainab Sutoyo Tri Sudibyo Zhafran, Muhammad Naufal