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All Journal Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics
Andi Muh. Zulfadhil Zareka
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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What Drives Gig Workers’ Welfare in Indonesia? Evidence from a Panel Data Regression 2018–2023 Andi Muh. Zulfadhil Zareka; Alfi Hidayatullah; Dara Sakina; Bunga Musva Cotva; Budiasih
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.543

Abstract

The rapid growth of digital technology has driven significant transformations in the labor market, marked by the emergence of the gig economy. While offering flexibility, gig workers is often accompanied by legal uncertainties and a lack of social protection, raising concerns about worker welfare. This study aims to identify the factors influencing gig workers' wages in Indonesia from economic, social, and digital perspectives. The analysis uses panel data from 34 provinces over the 2018–2023 period, sourced from BPS. The analytical method employed is the fixed effect model, corrected using the seemingly unrelated regression approach to address issues of heteroskedasticity and inter-regional correlation. The results show that inflation, human development index, open unemployment rate, ICT readiness, and ICT intensity significantly affect gig workers’ wages. ICT readiness has a positive impact, whereas the ICT intensity has a negative effect on wages. Meanwhile, ICT skills do not show a significant influence. This study highlights the need for inclusive digital policies and strengthened worker bargaining power to build a sustainable gig economy ecosystem.
Determinan Rumah Tangga dengan Akses Hunian Layak di Pulau Jawa Tahun 2022: Penerapan Spatial Error Model Andi Muh. Zulfadhil Zareka; Rizky Saputra; Sun Asi Gabriella Sinaga; Wahyuningtyas Yudha Sarjani; Sarni Maniar Berliana
Seminar Nasional Official Statistics Vol 2026 No 1 (2026): Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Statistika STIS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2026i1.2842

Abstract

Inequality in access to adequate housing is a structural issue that reflects socio-economic disparities between regions. This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns and factors influencing the percentage of households with access to adequate housing across 118 regencies/cities in Java Island in 2022. Using secondary data and spatial regression methods, the study identifies the Spatial Error Model (SEM) as the best model to explain the relationships between variables. The analysis reveals significant spatial autocorrelation and meaningful effects from population density, average years of schooling, regional government spending, income inequality, and per capita GRDP growth on the percentage of households with adequate housing access. In contrast, the growth of minimum wages does not show a significant effect. These findings highlight the importance of housing policies that are based on spatial characteristics and local conditions in order to reduce interregional disparities.
Co-Authors Alfi Hidayatullah Budiasih Bunga Musva Cotva Dara Sakina Rizky Saputra Sarni Maniar Berliana Sun Asi Gabriella Sinaga Wahyuningtyas Yudha Sarjani