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All Journal Journal of Community Development Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy Research Journal
Larasati, Gandis
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Computer Science & IT Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Narrative Review: The Effect of Counseling on Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Larasati, Gandis; Ramatillah, Diana; Khan, Kashif
Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy Research Journal Vol. 2 No. 4 (2026): January
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/scpr.v2i4.5357

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of counseling on medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a narrative review of 50 national and international articles published between 2020 and 2025. The narrative review method was conducted by selecting journals from Elsevier, MDPI, PubMed, SpringerLink, Wiley, as well as nationally indexed SINTA journals using relevant keywords.The results of the review indicate that pharmacist-led interventions through counseling, including brief counseling, home pharmacy care, and digital media–based education, consistently improved patient knowledge, enhanced medication adherence, and reduced clinical parameters such as blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR. These interventions also improved patients’ quality of life and disease perception.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that pharmacist-led interventions through structured counseling and pharmaceutical education have a significant positive impact on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in improving patient knowledge, disease perception, and adherence to therapy. Improvements in therapeutic behavior directly contributed to better clinical outcomes, including reductions in blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, body weight, and waist circumference after 90 days of intervention. The greatest effects were observed in patients with HbA1c levels > 9%, indicating that high-risk groups derived the greatest benefit from pharmacist involvement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Future studies are recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of counseling and to standardize adherence assessment instruments. Strengthening pharmaceutical care policies is also recommended to improve the quality and consistency of counseling services and to develop sustainable intervention models in primary healthcare settings.
Education Through Poster Media “Flu Is Not The Same as The Common Cold” For Patients at Azim Farma Pharmacy Larasati, Gandis; Ramatillah, Diana; Khan, Kashif
Journal of Community Development Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/comdev.v6i3.1898

Abstract

Myths and misconceptions about flu and the common cold are widespread in society, including the assumptions that flu is the same as the common cold, that influenza vaccination causes illness, or that flu is only a mild illness. These myths are suspected to affect the ability to differentiate between the two illnesses. This counseling activity aims to provide education about the differences between influenza and the common cold, their appropriate management, and to correct misconceptions and myths circulating within the community.. The session was held on Sunday, November 30, 2025, from 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM WIB. The primary target of this counseling was patients at Azim Farma Pharmacy, with a target of 82 participants. The method of implementation was in the form of direct face-to-face interaction, providing education using poster media. The success indicator was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test scores. The results of the activity showed that before the education was given, the majority of respondents (34 respondents, 41.5%) were in the good knowledge category. After the education, the majority (64 respondents, 75.6%) were in the good knowledge category, indicating that the counseling participants were able to receive and understand the information and knowledge well. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test on these results yielded a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference before and after the education. This shows that overall, the intervention can be considered successful in improving respondents' understanding of the difference between influenza and the common cold. This counseling has positive implications for health education and promotion efforts in increasing public awareness in differentiating and managing coughs and colds.
Co-Authors Khan, Kashif Ramatillah, Diana