Astuti, Ratna Dewi Indi
Departemen Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung

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Journal : Global Medical and Health Communication

Sebaran Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah (Aedes aegypti) di Kampus Universitas Islam Bandung Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti; Ismawati Ismawati; Listya Hanum Siswanti; Alimmatin Suhartini
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (159.666 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v4i2.1602

Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue ialah penyakit disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Untuk mengendalikan vektor dilakukan upaya pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) sehingga dapat dicapai angka bebas jentik lebih dari 95%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kepadatan jentik Aedes aegypti serta kepadatan nyamuk betina dewasa di kampus Unisba. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dan survei jentik dilakukan di Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba) pada bulan Juni 2015. Kepadatan jentik diukur dengan parameter indeks kontainer. Kepadatan nyamuk betina dewasa diukur dengan menghitung indeks ovitrap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lingkungan Kampus Unisba belum bebas jentik (indeks kontainer=17%) dengan kepadatan terbesar di Gedung Pascasarjana (24%). Ovitrap indeks di Kampus Unisba 41% dengan proporsi positif terbesar di Gedung Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba Jalan Tamansari 22 dan Gedung Rektorat (masing-masing 57%). Simpulan, Kampus Unisba bukan merupakan daerah bebas jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan tersebar vektor penyebar penyakit demam berdarah, yaitu nyamuk betina dewasa Aedes aegypti. DENGUE'S VECTOR DISTRIBUTION (AEDES AEGYPTI) AT BANDUNG ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY CAMPUSDengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by dengue virus that is transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Mosquito nest eradication (Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk) in order to achieve free larva numbers more than 95% is important to control vectors. This study determined the density of larva and the adult female of Aedes aegypti in Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba’s campus) environment. The larvae survey was conducted on Unisba’s campus in June 2015. The density of larva was counted by container index. The density of adult female assesed by ovitrap index. The results showed that Unisba’s campus environment was not free from larva (container index=17%) with the greatest density was in the pascasarjana building (24%).The ovitrap index on Unisba’s campus was 41% with the largest proportion was in Medical Faculty Unisba Tamansari 22 and rectorate building (each 57%). In conclusion, Unisba’s campus is not an free area of Aedes aegypti larvae and adults female of Aedes aegypti spreaded there.
Askariasis di Daerah Endemis Rendah Askariasis Tidak Meningkatkan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Aktif Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti; Herry S. Sastramihardja; Sadeli Masria
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (161.568 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v4i1.1601

Abstract

Askariasis di daerah endemis seperti Indonesia menyebabkan polarisasi respons Th2 yang dapat menekan respons Th1 yang penting dalam perlawanan terhadap tuberkulosis melalui penekanan ekspresi IL-12Rẞ2 oleh IL-4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari hubungan antara kejadian askariasis dan tuberkulosis aktif di daerah endemis rendah askariasis. Penelitian observasional analitik dilakukan pada 30 penderita dewasa tuberkulosis paru aktif baru dan 29 penderita tuberkulosis laten. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Bandung selama periode April–Juni 2014. Pemeriksaan telur Ascaris lumbricoides dilakukan dengan teknik Kato-Katz smear dan pengukuran kadar reseptor terlarut IL-12Rẞ2 dalam plasma mengunakan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi askariasis pada penderita tuberkulosis aktif secara signifikan lebih rendah (5 dari 30 subjek) dari proporsi askariasis pada penderita tuberkulosis laten (13 dari 29 subjek) dengan p=0,019. Penghitungan jumlah telur menunjukkan semua subjek askariasis menderita askariasis intensitas ringan. Kadar reseptor terlarut IL-12Rẞ2 pada penderita tuberkulosis aktif dan laten dengan askariasis maupun tanpa askariasis tidak berbeda signifikan. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah askariasis intensitas ringan tidak menekan respons Th1 dan tidak meningkatkan kejadian tuberkulosis aktif di daerah endemis rendah askariasis. ASCARIASIS IN LOW ENDEMIC AREA DOES NOT ASSOCIATE WITH THE INCREASE INCIDENCE OF ACTIVE TUBERCULOSISPolarization toward Th2 response in ascaris investation suppresses Th1 responses which is important in defence against tuberculosis. Such suppression is hipothesized to supress the expression of IL-12Rẞ2 by IL-4. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between ascaris investation and TB in low endemic area of ascariasis that is endemic for TB. We gathered samples from 30 adult active pulmonary TB patients and 29 adult latent TB patients as control. The study was performed in Bandung during April to June 2014. Ascaris investation was established with Kato-Katz smear technique and the detection of plasma level of the soluble receptor of IL-12Rẞ2 was conducted with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We showed that the proportion of ascaris investation significantly higher in latent TB patients (13 from 29 subjects) compared to in active Tb patients (5 from 30 subjects) with p value 0.019. All subjects positive for ascaris investation had low intensity of investation in accordance with low endemicity. Also, the median level of IL-12Rẞ2 did not differ between active and latent TB patients with ascaris or without ascaris investation. We concluded that low intensity of ascaris investation does not associate with suppression of Th1 response, as assessed by IL-12Rẞ2 receptor level, hence does not associate with the increase incidence of active tuberculosis.
Soil-Transmitted Helminths Contamination on the Yard's Soil of the Public Elementary Schools in Bandung City Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti; Ismawati Ismawati; Hilmi Sulaiman Rathomi
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 8, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.81 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v8i3.6596

Abstract

Soil contamination by soil-transmitted helminths (STH) on the schoolyard can act as reservoir STH infection for students. The STH contamination on soil due to contamination of human and animal waste which was disposed of inappropriately. This study aimed to determine the presence of STH eggs in the yard's soil of public elementary schools in Bandung city. This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach during September 2019. This study's samples were 97 surface soil of the public elementary schoolyard in Bandung city, selected randomly. Microscopic identification is made for identifying the STH contamination on soil samples. STH contaminates about 66% yard's soil of public elementary schools in Bandung city. We identified larva nematode, Ascaris eggs, Trichuris eggs, Toxocara eggs, and Capillaria eggs. The most common STH we had found was larvae nematode (53%). There is a correlation between flood and human STH contamination on soil (p=0.015). We concluded that STH contaminates the yard's soil of the public elementary schools in Bandung city. The source of STH contamination is from human and animal waste. Flood has a role in spreading human waste on the soil. KONTAMINASI SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH PADA TANAH PEKARANGAN SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KOTA BANDUNGPencemaran tanah oleh soil-transmitted helminth (STH) di halaman sekolah dapat menjadi reservoir penularan STH bagi siswa. Pencemaran ini dapat terjadi akibat pengelolaan kotoran manusia dan hewan yang tidak tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keberadaan telur STH di tanah pekarangan sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2019. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 97 tanah permukaan halaman sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Bandung yang dipilih secara acak. Identifikasi mikroskopis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi kontaminasi STH pada sampel tanah. Data banjir didapatkan dari wawancara dengan penduduk sekitar. Pencemaran STH terjadi pada 66% sampel. Kami mengidentifikasi larva nematoda, telur Ascaris, telur Trichuris, telur Toxocara, dan telur Capillaria. Jenis STH yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah larva nematoda (53%). Terdapat korelasi antara banjir dan pencemaran STH manusia di tanah (p=0,015). Kami menyimpulkan bahwa tanah pekarangan sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Bandung tercemar STH. Sumber pencemaran STH berasal dari kotoran manusia dan hewan. Banjir berperan dalam menyebarkan kotoran manusia di tanah.
The Resistance of Aedes aegypti to Permethrin 0.25% Insecticide, Malathion 0.8%, and Transfluthrin 25% in the Universitas Islam Bandung Tamansari Campus Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti; Ismawati Ismawati; Listya Hanum Siswanti
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 7, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (770.565 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v7i3.3662

Abstract

Massive and long term insecticide use causes resistance of mosquitos to insecticides. This research has a goal for assessing the resistance of Aedes aegypti to the insecticides of permethrin 0.25%, malathion 0.8%, and transfluthrin 25% in the Universitas Islam Bandung Tamansari campus. The Aedes aegypti resistance in the Universitas Islam Bandung Tamansari campus Bandung city to insecticides measured with the susceptibility test in September 2015. The susceptibility test to the permethrin 0.25% and malathion 0.8% insecticides implemented by using WHO standard instruments and methods. The susceptibility test to transfluthrin 25% implemented by using commercial insecticide according to the usage suggestion. The total mosquitos that died after the exposure of permethrin 0.25%, transfluthrin 25%, and malathion 0.8% for 60 minutes were 20%, 23%, and 80%. The WHO criteria state that mosquitos were still susceptible to insecticides if the death rate is 98–100%, tolerant if the death rate is 80–97%, and mosquitos are resistant if the death rate is less than 80%. In conclusion, the Aedes aegypti mosquitos in the Universitas Islam Bandung Tamansari campus are already resistant to the insecticides permethrin 0.25% and transfluthrin 25% and tolerant to malathion 0.8%. RESISTENSI AEDES AEGYPTI TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA PERMETHRIN 0,25%, MALATHION 0,8%, DAN TRANSFLUTHRIN 25% DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BANDUNG TAMANSARIPenggunaan insektisida secara masif dan jangka panjang menimbulkan resistensi nyamuk terhadap insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai resistensi resistensi Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida permethrin 0,25%, malathion 0,8%, dan transfluthrin 25% di kampus Unversitas Islam Bandung Tamansari. Resistensi Aedes aegypti di kampus Unversitas Islam Bandung Tamansari Kota Bandung terhadap insektisida diukur dengan uji kerentanan pada bulan September 2015. Uji kerentanan terhadap insektisida permethrin 0,25% dan malathion 0,8% dilakukan menggunakan alat dan metode uji standar WHO. Uji kerentanan terhadap transfluthrin 25% dilakukan menggunakan insektisida komersial sesuai dengan anjuran penggunaan. Jumlah nyamuk yang mati dalam jangka waktu 60 menit setelah paparan permethrin 0,25%, transfluthrin 25%, dan malathion 0,8% berturut-turut adalah 20%, 23%, dan 80%. Kriteria WHO menyatakan nyamuk dikategorikan masih rentan terhadap insektisida jika tingkat kematiannya 98–100%, toleran jika kematiannya 80–97%, dan resisten apabila jumlah kematian nyamuk kurang dari 80%. Simpulan, nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang terdapat di kampus Universitas Islam Bandung Tamansari telah resisten terhadap insektisida permethrin 0,25% dan transfluthrin 25%, serta toleran terhadap malathion 0,8%.