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All Journal Journal of Management and Social Sciences Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu
Dian Indrianto
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Socialization and Training on Income Tax Article 21 Based on the Average Effective Rate (TER) for MSMEs in Watesprojo Village Dwi Dewianawati; Erry Setiawan; Dian Indrianto; Buyung Cahya Perdana; Harjo Lukito; Ratna Agustina
Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol. 3 No. 12 (2025): GJMI - Desember
Publisher : PT. Gudang Pustaka Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59435/gjmi.v3i12.1946

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the national economy; however, tax compliance, particularly related to Income Tax Article 21, remains relatively low. The main challenges faced by MSME actors include limited tax literacy, complexity in tax calculations, and insufficient understanding of recent regulatory changes. To address these issues, the government introduced the Average Effective Rate (TER) scheme as an administrative simplification for calculating Income Tax Article 21. Nevertheless, the implementation of this scheme has not been fully understood by MSMEs at the village level. This study aims to conduct socialization and training on Income Tax Article 21 based on the TER scheme for MSMEs in Watesprojo Village and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving tax understanding and technical capability. The research method involved initial observation, regulatory socialization, practical tax calculation training, and participant evaluation. The results indicate a noticeable improvement in MSME actors’ understanding of the legal basis of Income Tax Article 21, the changes in the calculation scheme, and the practical application of the TER mechanism without disrupting business activities. Overall, the socialization and training activities proved effective in enhancing tax literacy and supporting sustainable tax compliance among MSMEs.
Are Financial Ratios Universal? A Cross-Country Perspective Dian Indrianto; Dwi Dewianawati; Erry Setiawan; Buyung Cahya Perdana; Adhis Helsa Aurellia
Journal of Management and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May: Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jimas.v5i2.2391

Abstract

This study examines the efficiency of financial ratios in assessing corporate performance across countries. Although financial ratios are widely used as concise indicators of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and market value, their interpretive accuracy may vary across institutional, regulatory, financial, and macroeconomic environments. The objective of this study is to conceptually evaluate whether financial ratios can function as universally comparable performance measures in heterogeneous cross-country settings. Using a qualitative literature-based method, this study synthesizes prior findings on financial ratio analysis, financial statement comparability, market efficiency, regulatory enforcement, and macroeconomic stability. The findings indicate that profitability, liquidity, solvency, and market-based ratios are context-dependent indicators rather than universally stable measures. Their efficiency is influenced by accounting standards, audit quality, leverage norms, tax systems, capital market maturity, and macroeconomic volatility. The study proposes a contextual framework for interpreting financial ratios according to their sensitivity to national conditions. The implication is that researchers, analysts, and investors should combine ratio analysis with institutional and macroeconomic diagnostics to reduce biased performance interpretation in cross-country corporate evaluation.
Co-Authors Adhis Helsa Aurellia Buyung Cahya Perdana Dewianawati, Dwi Erry Setiawan Harjo Lukito Ratna Agustina