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Patriarchal Structures in Islamic Law and Indonesian Positive Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis from a Gender Justice Perspective Ramadhan, Rahmat Gilang; Hibatullah, Mohammad Rafii'; Farichudzaki, W.K.; Aji, Rajali H.
Komparatif: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Comparative Mazhab Comparative, Fakulty of Shariah and Law

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/komparatif.v5i2.3126

Abstract

Abstract: This study critically examines the persistence of patriarchal bias in Indonesia’s legal system by comparing Islamic law and positive law through a gender justice lens. This research specifically identifies how patriarchal structures are embedded in family law norms, judicial reasoning, and institutional legal practices, particularly in matters of marriage, lineage, and gendered legal authority. Using a qualitative normative method with a comparative socio-legal approach, the study analyzes statutory regulations, classical and contemporary Islamic legal doctrines, and scholarly interpretations relevant to the Indonesian legal context. The findings reveal a fundamental divergence between the two systems: while positive law formally endorses gender equality, patriarchal bias persists at the level of legal interpretation and implementation, especially within judicial institutions; conversely, Islamic law, when interpreted textually, may reproduce gender hierarchy, yet offers a strong emancipatory potential when re-read through maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and egalitarian legal reasoning. The study argues that patriarchal bias is not merely normative but institutional, and that meaningful legal reform requires not only doctrinal revision but also transformation of judicial reasoning and legal culture. Keywords: patriarchy, Islamic law, Indonesian positive law, judicial reasoning, gender justice   Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bias patriarki dalam sistem hukum Indonesia melalui analisis komparatif antara hukum Islam dan hukum positif dari perspektif keadilan gender. Studi ini secara spesifik mengidentifikasi bagaimana struktur patriarkal terinternalisasi dalam norma hukum keluarga, pola judicial reasoning, serta praktik kelembagaan peradilan, terutama dalam isu perkawinan, nasab, dan otoritas hukum berbasis gender. Dengan metode kualitatif normatif dan pendekatan komparatif sosio-legal, penelitian ini menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum Islam klasik dan kontemporer, serta pandangan akademik yang relevan dengan konteks Indonesia. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan fundamental antara kedua sistem: hukum positif secara normatif menjamin kesetaraan gender, namun masih mereproduksi bias patriarki pada tingkat interpretasi dan implementasi hukum, khususnya dalam praktik peradilan; sementara itu, hukum Islam dalam pembacaan tekstual berpotensi melanggengkan hierarki gender, tetapi sekaligus menyediakan landasan emansipatoris yang kuat melalui pendekatan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah dan penalaran hukum yang egaliter. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa bias patriarki bersifat institusional, bukan semata normatif, sehingga reformasi hukum yang berkeadilan gender mensyaratkan transformasi penafsiran hukum, penguatan nalar hakim, dan perubahan budaya hukum. Kata Kunci: patriarki, hukum Islam, hukum positif Indonesia, judicial reasoning, keadilan gender
Strengthening The Capacity of Indonesian Migrant Workers Through Old-Age Social Security A Study on PMI in Malaysia and Hongkong Agusmidah, Agusmidah; Yefrizawati, Yefrizawati; Affila, Affila; Chairi, Zulfi; Pane, Farhan Alpani; Aji, Rajali H.
Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v20no1.4851

Abstract

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) are primarily motivated to work abroad by the prospect of higher wages to achieve long-term financial security, despite the social costs of family separation. However, empirical evidence from observations, interviews, and questionnaires reveals that many PMIs have limited understanding of the old-age pension scheme, a key component of the national social security system, a gap exacerbated by inadequate pre-departure briefings for prospective migrant workers (CPMI) despite clear legal obligations. This study employs an empirical juridical method supported by a conceptual legal approach to examine the gap between the normative framework governing PMI social security protection and its implementation in practice, particularly regarding technical barriers to paying old-age security contributions during overseas employment. The findings show weak institutional coordination and accountability among key stakeholders, including the Ministry of Manpower, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, BP2MI, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and state-affiliated banking institutions. The study concludes that strengthening legal compliance, inter-agency coordination, and accessible contribution mechanisms is essential to ensure effective protection and the realization of old-age social security rights for PMIs after the completion of their employment.